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Chile, Indonesia and USA) have addressed environmental issues, strategies and management tools (see section 2.4). 2.2.4 Task D - Seismic Risk from Fluid Injection into Geothermal Systems IEA-GIA participants collaborated with GEISER and IPGT participants who were attending an induced seismicity workshop held in Reykjavik, on 4-5th October 2010. The GIA also helped support the travel expenses of several non-GIA workshop attendees through a proposal grant of US$10,000 requested by the Icelandic organisers (ISOR). During this meeting, and the two Annex meetings, collaboration has continued between participants involved in EGS reservoir stimulation projects and those with experience of induced seismicity in operating geothermal systems. The objective was to advance understanding of induced seismicity mechanisms. Methods to address the issue of large induced earthquakes from injection/production activities were discussed. Vibration amplitude and frequency was found to be a key measurement parameter from the hazard point of view. Amongst other matters, discussions covered the benefits of moment tensor analysis and double differencing methods for better location accuracy. Suggested improvements to the induced seismicity protocol (posted on the IEA-GIA website) and improved seismic monitoring and processing methods were discussed, as was baseline duration for background seismicity before commencing a deep drilling and stimulation project. References are listed at the end. Improved collaboration between induced seismicity researchers and availability of datasets were issues for continuing debate. During the October meeting, it was agreed that this induced seismicity work was of sufficient importance to warrant it being transferred to a new Annex (Annex XI) where it will be combined with the induced seismicity work being undertaken under Annex III (EGS). Furthermore, the intention was expressed that, in future, the IPGT induced seismicity group, IEA-GIA Annex XI participants, and European/GEISER participants would continue to work together as closely as possible. 2.2.5 Task E- Sustainable Utilization Strategies A special issue of Geothermics (Volume 39, Number 4) containing 12 papers was published in December 2010 to address reservoir modelling issues concerning long term sustainability, with joint editors Mike Mongillo and Gudni Axelsson. This was an outcome of an international workshop convened by Annex I task leaders, and held at Taupo, New Zealand, in November 2008. In addition, a large number of papers on sustainability were presented at a special session at the WGC2010 conference in Bali. This included several papers by Annex 1 participants reporting on collaborative work (see references listed in section 2.4). Issues of long-term reservoir performance and potential constraints were further addressed during the 2010 Annex 1 meetings. Resources that are depleted in pressure and temperature are recoverable (i.e., renewable) over time frames that are dependent on the recharge permeability, and typically comparable in duration to the initial period of draw-down. Additional issues include: the non-linear behaviour of steam-supply and pressure decline rates; how to improve resource assessments through better capacity and recovery factors; when to recommend a staged development strategy to reduce risks; and the importance of planned make-up drilling. Highlights of the work are posted on the IEA-GIA website. This includes a revised reference list on the topic of geothermal sustainability. 39PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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