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increasing use of renewable energy. The Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 report concluded that if we are to reduce energy related CO2 emissions by 50% from today‘s level by 2050, 21% of the necessary greenhouse gas emissions reductions will have to come from renewable energy production. Owing to the recent accelerated annual growth in installed capacity for geothermal power generation and the significant progress achieved in EGS development in Europe, Australia and North America, the IEA envisions geothermal energy to make a significant contribution to the growth of the renewable portfolio. However, a significant number of technology development and demonstration, legal and regulatory, and public policy issues must be addressed if the potential of geothermal energy is to be unlocked. With the above background, the IEA is working in collaboration with the IEA-GIA to develop a roadmap for electricity generation and direct heat use utilizing geothermal resources. To start this project, the IEA conducted the first workshop focusing on the technology state of the art, prospects, innovation and R&D issues and priorities. The goal of the Roadmap is to provide guidance to government and industry decision makers as they set priorities and accelerate efforts to develop and deploy technologies that will enlarge the contribution of geothermal power and direct heat use in the energy mix. With this in mind, the objective of the EGS Annex is to address new and improved technologies via international collaboration so that the huge heat resources present in the majority of the continental land masses can be accessed by developing engineered heat exchangers at depth, and at commercially viable costs. Further, application of EGS techniques at existing hydrothermal fields will also help to increase energy extraction and improve sustainability. This technology will bring into play a significant worldwide geothermal resource to generate base load power, supply heat for industrial applications and district heating schemes, and reduce environmental pollution. It will also help sustain and expand hydrothermal systems through the use of stimulation techniques and reinjection. The countries and organizations that participated in Annex III in 2010 were: Australia, the European Commission (EC), France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Republic of Korea, Switzerland, USA, Geodynamics Limited., Green Rock Energy Ltd. and ORMAT Technologies Inc. The Operating Agent for Annex III is Geodynamics Limited., located in Milton, Queensland, Australia. The Co-Annex Leaders are Roy Baria (MIL-TECH, UK) and Doone Wyborn, of Geodynamics Limited., Australia. 3.1 Tasks of Annex III Annex III has been working on five Tasks, described below. Many of these Tasks were revised during 2010. 3.1.1 Task A- Geothermal Energy Resource, Reserve & Depletion (Production Profile) Estimates (Provisional Task Leader: Barry Goldstein) Task A, which originally involved the evaluation of the economics of EGS systems was successfully completed in 2001 and numerical models were developed by the US and other countries. However, this task was re-activated in 2007 in order to incorporate the quantification and definition of EGS resources in a form that can be internationally accepted. Additionally, many commercially funded projects have commenced and will require a common terminology to make them comparable. It is becoming apparent that the development of EGS is moving from fundamental research to demonstration and application. New EGS projects are taking place on 49PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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