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8.3 Current Status of Geothermal Energy Use in 2010 8.3.1 Electricity Generation Geothermal energy is currently produced at one small binary power station at Birdsville, Queensland, which is supplemented by diesel powered generators. The fluid is 98 oC and derives from the Great Artesian Basin (also referred to as the Eromanga Basin) which overlies the Cooper Basin. The water is run through a gas-filled Organic Rankine Cycle heat exchanger and the partly cooled water is channelled into a pond for further cooling and reticulation into the town‘s water supply and lagoon. The gross capacity of the plant is 120 kW and the plant power consumption is approximately 40 kW, equating to a net output of 80 kW. Total exported power generation in 2010 was 1,824,538 kWh, of which 681,090 kWh was provided by the geothermal power plant. This equates to 37% of total exported power output, which reduced diesel consumption by about 170,000 litres and saved about 457 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions through the year. 8.3.2 Direct Use 8.3.2.1 Installed Thermal Power Australia‘s total installed capacity in direct geothermal applications is estimated to be 134 MWth. This is up from the 2005 estimate of 109.5 MWth (Lund et al., 2005). 8.3.2.2 Thermal Energy Used Following Lund et al. (2005) with a capacity factor of 0.9, the thermal energy used is estimated to be 3,802 TJ/yr, up from the 2005 estimate of 2,968 TJ/yr. 8.3.2.3 Category Use District heating (space heating) constitutes the majority with an estimated 98 MWth. Bathing and swimming installations total 8 MWth. Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) constitute the remaining 28 MWth. 8.3.3 Energy Savings (Direct Use) 8.3.3.1 Fossil Fuel Savings/Replacement The estimated fossil fuel saving is 90,553 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe, 1 toe = 42 GJ). 8.3.3.2 Reduced/Avoided CO2 Emissions Using the DTI/Carbon Trust/DEFRA/Ofgem recommended figure of 0.43kg CO2/kWh saved yields avoided emissions of CO2 of 454 tonnes/yr. 8.4 Market Development and Stimulation 8.4.1 Development Constraints Whilst geothermal energy resources in Australia have vast potential, geothermal power generation is not yet price-competitive, particularly in the absence of a carbon price and has not yet been demonstrated at a significant scale in Australia. 85PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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