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This ambitious policy suggests a new development of every type of geothermal energy nowadays in France. Geothermal heat is expected to be multiplied by 5 between 2006 and 2020 and an amount of 80 MWe of geothermal electricity is expected to be installed in the overseas department in 2020. 10.1 Highlights and Achievements A national committee for geothermal energy ( ̳comité national de la géothermie‘) has been put in place in October 2010 by the French Ministry for sustainable development. Its objective is to make recommendations on three topics: Administrative simplification and quality: the procedures for ground-source heat pumps are indeed not precisely defined and potentially very heavy for the moment, whereas the regulatory requirements are not standardized. Information, as geothermal energy is not sufficiently well-known in France. Training and education, as the expected development of geothermal energy demands to increase drastically the number of skilled people in this sector. The sales of ground-source heat pumps decreased in 2010. After a peak in 2008, the economic crisis has had an effect on the construction sector: the reduction of the number of new buildings and the decreased budget to build them had a cruel effect on geothermal solutions. However, this situation affects above all individual heat pumps. Collective heat pumps are less concerned, mainly because of the advantage of the combined heat and cold production, with high energy efficiency (including free cooling). There is an existing 40% tax reduction in place for individual housing, but the tax reduction only covered the investment for the heat pump. To support the market, it has been decided in 2010 that this tax reduction will cover the heat pump and also the geothermal heat exchanger. The 2011 rate will nevertheless be 36% because all the existing tax reductions for investments related to renewable energies have been decreased by 10%. A standard for borehole heat exchangers has been published in August 2010: this NF- X 10-970 standard describes the technical requirements but also the division of responsibilities between the heat pump installer, the driller and the contracting authority. A renewable heat fund ( ̳Fonds Chaleur renouvelable‘) has been put in place in 2009 to increase the number of projects using renewable energy for industry, collective housing and commercial buildings. It has funded 77 operations in 2010, for an amount of €20.9M, instead of 16 operations in 2009 (€ 4.3 M). A new deep geothermal project for direct use of heat has been performed in 2010: this new doublet has been realised by ADP to convert the district heating of the Orly Parisian airport to renewable energy. The operation is successful and will produce 36 GWh of heat per year. Another deep well in Gardanne (south-east of France) has been drilled but ended to be a failure due to a lack of temperature. A new feed-in tariff has been put in place in July 2010. The geothermal electricity is now bought at an increased price of 130€/MWh in the overseas departments and 200€/MWh in the mainland. A bonus has been put in place if the co-produced heat is also used. The ORC turbine of the Soultz EGS pilot plant has been started in September 2010 for several tests. Its gross capacity is 2.5 MWe for a net capacity of about 1.5 MWe. During these first tests, it was run at a lower level due to reduced flow rates compared to the initial design. 96PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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