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Geothermal heat is thus expected to be multiplied by 5 between 2006 and 2020 whereas the general objective for renewable heat is a multiplication by 2. Geothermal electricity is expected to reach 80 MW in France in 2020. There are two main issues with this objective: Provide French islands (French West Indies and La Réunion) with a decarbonized energy, replacing the actual thermal electricity production, at a reasonable cost; moreover, the 2020 objective for these islands is 50% of renewables instead of 23% at a national level, because the current production is mainly made from fossil fuel, Acquire a good experience in EGS projects to develop this energy in a larger way in 2050. In terms of reduction of energy demand, one main measure was to set the new standard for energy consumption in buildings at a level of 50 kWh/m2/year. This demands to give up electric heating by Joule effect, for heat pumps by instance. In addition, the Ministry for Sustainable Development thought about the way to develop the industrial sectors related to the green technologies, so that its incentives will benefit mainly to the national economy. It published a report on that subject in March 2010, in which the geothermal sector is clearly identified. 10.2.2 Legislation and Regulation The implemented measures to reach these objectives were above all designed to build an adequate economic context for the development of renewable energies: these financial measures, including the renewable heat fund, are described in part 10.4.2. Another issue after having determined these national objectives was to raise awareness and mobilise the stakeholders at a local level. That has been done on 12th July 2010 with a law ( ̳loi portant engagement national pour l‘environnement‘) defining two tools: the regional schemes for climate, air and energy ( ̳schémas régionaux climat air énergie‘) and the territorial schemes for climate and energy ( ̳plans climat énergie territoriaux‘). In terms of renewable energy, the regional schemes aims at identifying the installed capacity, evaluating the potential for each type of energy, defining different scenario and at the end setting regional objectives. The territorial schemes complement them as they are an action plan of local authorities to contribute to these regional objectives. The last point that has to be raised in terms of legislation is that the regulation applicable to ground source heat pumps has to be clarified in France. The regulatory scheme was written at the end of the 1970s and focusing on deep geothermal projects for direct use or electricity. The procedures for shallow geothermal projects are unclear at the moment: according to the way the law is read, they can be either very heavy or non-existent. In addition of these unclear procedures, the environmental requirements are also not defined. As a first step, a standard for borehole heat exchangers has nevertheless been published in August 2010: this NF-X 10-970 standard describes the technical requirements but also the division of responsibilities between the heat pump installer, the driller and the contracting authority. 10.2.3 Progress toward National Targets The progresses are much contrasted from one type of geothermal to another: In terms of electricity, many projects are emerging but these projects are very long, so that there has not been a significant increase for the moment. 98PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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