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Figure 10.6 Drill site for ADP Orly Airport, Val-de-Marne, France in 2010. (Photo courtesy CGF Services) An exploration well for direct use has also been drilled in 2010 in Gardanne but it was a failure due to its low temperature. In total, three wells were drilled in 2010. An overview of the geothermal wells drilled and rehabilitated is shown in Figure 10.7 below. For the following years, some other operations are planned in the Dogger aquifer in the Paris sedimentary basin. Some other heat plants are also being designed in other regions: in particular, there is a project which consists of a doublet in the Alsace region (East of France) which will provide an industrial site (Roquette Frères in Beinheim) with heat (including steam as more than 150 °C is expected). 10.4 Market Development, Stimulation and Constraints 10.4.1 DevelopmentConstraints The major existing constraints apply to the heat pump market. Two major facts can be raised here: The relatively low cost of gas affects the profitability of shallow geothermal projects, above all for heat only applications (housing) The new regulatory scheme for energy efficiency in buildings is based on primary energy and does not take into account the emitted greenhouse gases; a coefficient of 2.58 is applied to electricity (1 electrical kWh equals to 2.58 thermal kWh) so that heat pumps are less competitive than what they could be. 10.4.2 SupportInitiativesandMarketStimulationIncentives A ̳renewable heat Fund‘ ( ̳Fonds chaleur renouvelable‘) has been put in place in 2009 to fund projects related to industry, collective housing and commercial buildings. Around € 1.2 billion have been allocated to cover the 2009-2013 period, for all renewable energies. The principle is to fund the difference between a project using renewable heat and a reference solution (generally using gas). It is also funding the development of heating networks and subsidizing for feasibility studies. 103PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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