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Besides, the creation of many companies willing to manage deep geothermal projects is the other highlight of 2010 related to geothermal industry. 10.6 Economics 10.6.1 TrendsinGeothermalInvestment The new feed-in tariff created a general interest for geothermal electricity generation in the mainland. But at this stage there have only been prefeasibility studies. 10.6.2 Turbine,Project,WellDrillingandO&MCosts No general statistics are available because there are too few on-going projects. The costs of the ADP Orly deep project for direct use of heat are given in section 10.2.2. The Soultz EGS project is a research project and was not designed to be profitable. 10.6.3 TrendsintheCostofEnergy For electricity, the projects in the mainland are viable only thanks to the feed-in tariff of 200-280 €/MWh described in section 10.4.2, as the cost of nuclear electricity, which is the main base load electricity produced in France, is around 40-50 €/MWh. In the overseas department, geothermal electricity is rather competitive as the base load production there is made with fossil fuels, which represents a cost of around 200 €/MWh with the current oil prices. Direct use of heat is slightly subsidized and the projects in the Paris basin are then competitive in comparison of other energies, even if it always depends on the hypothesis made on the future price of energy. Ground source heat pumps are also subsidized, but many collective projects are made without any subsidy, especially if there is a need for cold production and/or if there is a suitable shallow aquifer. 10.6.4 EstimateofNumberofPeopleEmployedintheGeothermalSector The jobs generated by the geothermal sector in France are estimated at 8,000, mainly in the heat pump sector. It is assessed that 600 new jobs were created in 2010. 10.7 Research Activities 10.7.1 FocusAreas The French research activities cover every type of geothermal energy. France works especially on EGS, using in particular the pilot plant of Soultz-sous-Forêts. The 3rd phase of Soultz R&D programme has been launched, focusing on the site exploitation and monitoring, and trying to determine the life time of such geothermal projects. Some R&D is also being made on conventional high enthalpy, notably around the geothermal site of Bouillante. Research on low enthalpy consists of resource characterization and modelling. Some R&D work is done on ground source heat pumps and geothermal exchangers, using different R&D platforms; it aims at optimising the whole systems and testing some new concepts. 106PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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