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Space Heating for individual buildings can be accomplished using thermal water directly, indirectly via downhole heat exchangers, or via geothermal heat pump systems. Material costs could range from ~$35,000 to $110,000, depending on the volume of fluid flowing through the system. Retrofit costs could range from $0.80 to $1.80 per sq. ft. depending on whether the end user is a residence or a commercial facility and on the building size. ROI on such systems can be high and projects typically take less than one year to implement after all permits, financing etc. have been obtained. District Heating is defined as the heating of two or more structures from a central source. It may or may not include “peaking” with fossil fuels or heat pumps. The cost for building a new geothermal heating district is about $400,000 per MWt (3,413,000 Btu/hr.) of capacity. For Glenwood Springs, a 1.5 to 2 MWt system was assumed, with capital costs of about $700- 900,000 and an ROI ranging from 6-14% depending on the subscription (hook-up) rate. Because retrofitting can be slow, two to three years should be allowed for the project implementation. District Heating by Pumping and Injecting would require the drilling of new production and injection wells unless the Wright or Redstone wells were to be used. For District Heating, the capital costs are as stated in the paragraph above. Direct-Use with a Downhole Heat Exchanger has been undertaken in many urban areas. The capital costs are low (about $83,000), but the payback is rather long (21 to 39 years) creating an ROI of 1-2.5%. For Glenwood Springs, the primary reason for the relatively poor payback is the low resource temperature. Use of Waste Water Sources is quite possible in Glenwood Springs. Combined flows in excess of 2,500 gpm from the Yampah cistern overflow and the Pool overflow should be available at temperatures of ~120oF and 90oF respectively. The total capital costs for a district heating project involving downtown and/or Confluence Triangle structures would be from $400,000 to $500,000. The payback would be about 3.5 years and the ROI would therefore be 29-32%. Such a project could easily be implemented in 18-24 months. Geothermal Heat Pump projects have become quite popular in the recent past. In an urban environment, they can be rather expensive to build, but they are simple and maintenance free. Total capital cost for an open loop system would approximate $1,000,000, while a closed loop system could cost $1,750,000. ROIs on these choices range from 1-4% and a system could be built in less than a year. Hybrid systems comprise a unique potential use technique. They involve a combination of direct use and heat pump or fossil fuel temperature boosting. The capital costs of such a system are around $200,000, the paybacks short at ~6 years, and the ROI an attractive 16%. Conduct of an investigation of possible uses of thermal waters for heating the Community Center has been added to the contract requirements. The Center along with three pools is presently heated with natural gas. Due to the high energy cost to heat the facility, it was requested that use of a geothermal system(s) to reduce costs be investigated. Four systems were analyzed based on natural gas consumption over the past three years: (1) direct use of the geothermal resource with a capital cost of $450,000 and a payback of 4.8 years; (2) an open loop 3PDF Image | GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES GLENWOOD SPRINGS, COLORADO
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