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The following is a detailed discussion of the potential uses outlined above. The cost information is based, as much as possible, on local labor, services, and equipment costs obtained from interviews with the appropriate people who have worked in the area. Otherwise, the costs are based on our experience and best estimate for Colorado. These costs are subject to change based on demand (or lack of) for labor, services and equipment, and the status of the U.S. and Colorado economy. The estimated time to implement each of the potential uses is based on these being started after the various tasks outlined in the Road Map section of this report are completed. Thus, the time includes the negotiations for the work (preparing and bidding on a contract), obtaining the necessary materials and labor force, constructing the project and getting it “on line” producing energy. DETAILS OF POTENTIAL USES 1. Electric Power Generation The generation of electricity using a low- temperature geothermal resources (<250oF) requires the use of a binary (organic Rankine) cycle machine. The binary cycle uses a low temperature boiling fluid in a closed cycle that is heated and vaporized by a geothermal resource. The geothermal fluid transfers heat through a heat exchanger to the secondary low-boiling point fluid (a hydrocarbon such as iso-pentane, iso-butane, ammonia, etc.) that is matched to the temperature of the geothermal resource. The secondary fluid vaporizes, turns a turbine hooked to a generator which produces the electricity. The vapor is then condensed to maximize the temperature and pressure drop across the turbine, to again be reheated and boiled in a closed circuit. The cooling is provided by either water (wet cooling) or air circulated through a cooling tower (dry cooling). Wet cooling is preferred as the efficiency is higher than for dry cooling, however, dry cooling may be necessary in areas of limited water resources. A schematic of a binary cycle is shown in Figure 6. Turbine Heat Exchanger Pump Generator Condenser Air & Water Vapor Cooling T ower Air Cooled Water Air Water Injection W ell Production W ell Geothermal Reservoir Figure 6. Schematic of a geothermal binary (organic Rankine) cycle power system. 24PDF Image | GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES GLENWOOD SPRINGS, COLORADO
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