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kW binary system power plant (gross). At this temperature, efficiency would be about 5.5%, so that 100 – 150 kW net output could be expected (after parasitic loads for pumps, etc. are deducted and assuming a 25oF ΔT). Units of this type cost around $3,500 per installed kW. Thus a 280 kW unit (a standard Pratt & Whitney unit) would cost around $400,000 (plus cooling tower, piping, electrical connections, etc. amounting to a total of around $900,000). Assuming a 95% load factor and 150 kW net electricity generation, the net annual production would be about 1,250,000 kWh, and selling/saving at 4¢/kWh would produce revenues/savings of $50,000/year. Operation and maintenance would be around $5,000/yr. The estimated cost of drilling a 4,000- foot deep well is $3,000,000 – the estimated depth required to encounter the 180oF resource. This does not consider the risk of drilling for and finding an 180oF resource producing at least 600 gpm. Payback would be about 87 years. If the electricity could be sold for 7¢/kWh, then the revenue generated would be $87,500 annually, with a simple payback reduced to about 47 years, and a return on investment of less than one percent. Time to implement is estimated at 18 months after all permits, financing and agreements are in place. 2. Space Heating Use of the geothermal resource for space heating in existing buildings would require a building survey to determine the possibility and cost of retrofitting individual heating systems. Baseboard, forced air, and radiant floor heating systems using gas or fuel oil are much easier and less costly to retrofit than electric heating systems. New construction obviously lends itself to be designed for the geothermal system in advance and, thus is the best option. Space heating for individual buildings can be provided by using the geothermal water directly, indirectly using downhole heat exchangers or via geothermal heat pump systems. A temperature of 122oF is marginal for space heating, but can be used effectively in a radiant floor heating system or in large baseboard finned tube radiators (Figure 7). Forced air heating systems can also be considered; however, they require a larger temperature drop between the geothermal fluid and the air temperature (Figure 8). 122oF W ater 97oF 112oF 87oF W ater Figure 7. Water to water heat exchanger for radiant floor or finned tube baseboard heating systems. The geothermal water can be used directly; however a plate heat exchanger may be required to isolate the geothermal fluid from the secondary water in the building heating loop due to possible corrosion and/or deposition problems associated with the geothermal fluid (Figure 9). Thus, at best, only about 112oF would be available in the building heating loop water (Figure 7 & 8). However, assuming a 20oF ΔT and 500 gpm, a total of five million Btu/h could be produced for 26 87oF Finned Tube Heaters or Radiant Floor HeatingPDF Image | GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES GLENWOOD SPRINGS, COLORADO
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