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For lower soil conductivity the lengths would be greater; for higher conductivity values pipe lengths would be shorter. 7c. Costs The cost of the heat pump unit is around $1,000/ton. Just drilling the holes for a vertical closed- loop system can cost $10 to $15/foot. For large installations, we estimate $10/foot + $2/foot for the header and piping to the building for a total of $12/foot. These vertical holes are estimated at an average of 250 feet deep. For the open loop system, we estimate wells at 300 feet deep for $125/foot. The entire system, including the heat pump unit, piping, ductwork, controls, outside open or closed loop system, etc., will cost between 3,500 and $4,500/ton closed loop systems and $2,000 to $3,000/ton for open loop systems. We are assuming that an open loop well would produce 150 gpm. Thus, for the downtown block area described above, the 438 tons would cost around $1,065,000 for an open loop system (7 production and 7 injection wells at 150 gpm each) and $1,752,000 for the closed loop system (250-foot holes) ($438,000 for the units and $1,314,000 for the holes, pipe and headers). These would save approximately 16.1 billion Btu/yr or $129,000 annually in heating and cooling costs (assuming a balanced load with load factor of 0.35 – total for the heating and cooling mode), less the electrical energy input and O&M of $69,000/yr for open loop system, and $64,000 for closed loop system (no well pump needed). This assumes a COP of 4, thus the electric energy input to the compressor is 1.2 million kWh/yr, and at $0.04/kWh, the cost for the electricity is $47,000, and the remainder O&M and well pumping costs. When compared to natural gas, this would provide a simple payback of 18 years for open loops and 27 years for closed loop with 100% block hookups. This does not take into account the benefits from the desuperheater heating the domestic hot water. The main advantage that the closed loop system has over the open loop system is that no water is pumped from the ground. These systems can be installed in less than one year. A successful heat pump project has been completed in Glenwood Springs at the Midland Center by Sundesigns Architects (Dean K. Moffatt). A total of 36 vertical 1-inch diameters closed loops, installed in 4.75- to 5.5-inch diameter, 275 feet deep holes providing heating and cooling for 36,000 ft2 of commercial buildings. The holes were drilled for ~$12.00/ft, and with the headers and trenching to the buildings, cost an equivalent $14.75/ft. The heat pump units (by Climate Master) cost ~$1,000/ton and the entire project cost ~$4,000/ton. Approximately one hole was drilled, loop installed and grouted per day. For larger installations we use $10/ft and 12/ft complete due to estimated cost savings. 8. Hybrid Systems Hybrid systems are a combination of direct geothermal use and geothermal heat pumps or fossil fuel boosting. Heating demand can be met using a low temperature geothermal resource augmented with a geothermal heat pump or fossil fuel to boost the temperature of the fluid when necessary during the coldest period of the year. Thus, in Glenwood Springs the approximately 120oF geothermal resource could meet most of the heating demands, however on colder days, and with forced air systems which require higher temperatures, the fluid can be boosted with a geothermal heat pump or a fossil fuel fired boiler. 40PDF Image | GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES GLENWOOD SPRINGS, COLORADO
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