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01 GlObal MaRkeT OVeRVIew concentrating solar power (CSP), solar water heating systems, and biofuels – grew at average rates ranging from around 15% to nearly 50% annually. Solar PV III increased the fastest of all renewables technologies during this period, followed by biodiesel and wind. For solar power technologies, growth accelerated during 2010 relative to the previous four years. At the same time, growth in total capacity of wind power held steady in 2010, and the growth rates of biofuels have declined in recent years, although ethanol was up again in 2010.3 (See Figure 2, page 18.) Global energy consumption rebounded strongly in 2010 after an overall downturn in 2009, with annual growth of 5.4%, well above the historical average.1* Renewable energy, which had no downturn in 2009, continued its strong growth in 2010 as well. In 2009, renewable energy supplied an estimated 16% of global final energy consumptionI – counting traditional biomass, hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal, modern biomass, and biofuels.2 (See Figure 1.) Traditional biomass, which is used primarily for cooking and heating in rural areas of developing countries, accounted for approximately 10% of the total renewable energy share. Hydropower represented 3.4% and is growing modestly but from a large base. All other renewables accounted for approximately 2.8% in 2009 and are growing very rapidly in many developed countries as well as in some developing countries. Hydropower, biomass power and heat, and geothermal heat and power are growing at more ordinary rates of 3–9% per year, making them more comparable with global growth rates for fossil fuels (1–4%, although higher in some developing countries).4 In several coun- tries, however, the growth in these renewable technolo- gies far exceeds the global average. (See Table 1 for a summary of the main renewable energy technologies and their characteristics and costs.) Renewable energy replaces fossil and nuclear fuels in four distinct markets: power generation, heating and cooling, transport fuels, and rural/off-grid energy services. This section provides an overview of recent developments in the first three markets; rural/off-grid energy in developing countries is covered in the Rural Renewable Energy section. n POweR GeneRaTIOn MaRkeTS During the period from the end of 2005 through 2010, total global capacityII of many renewable energy tech- nologies – including solar photovoltaics (PV), wind, Renewable energy accounted for approximately half of the estimated 194 GW of new electric capacity added globally during 2010. Existing renewable power capacity worldwide reached an estimated 1,320 gigawatts (GW) in 2010, up almost 8% from 2009.5 Renewable capacity Source: See Endnote 2 for this section 01 figure 1. Renewable energy Share of Global final energy Consumption, 2009 Wind/solar/biomass/ geothermal power generation 0.7% Fossil fuels 81% Renewables 16% Nuclear 2.8% Biofuels 0.6% Biomass/solar/geothermal hot water/heating 1.5% 16% Hydropower 3.4% Traditional biomass 10% * Endnotes are grouped by section and begin on page 96. I) Note that the 16% figure is the share of final energy consumption, which is a different but equally valid indicator compared to the more traditional indicator for share of primary energy consumption used in many statistical sources. The European Union uses share of final energy consumption for its 2020 targets. The Renewables Global Status Report (GSR) has used share of final energy consumption consistently since 2007; see Sidebar 1 of the 2007 edition for further explanation. Note also that the 2011 IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation provides a figure of 13% global share from renewables, but that is for share of primary energy. Further, the IPCC figure of 13% is based on the “direct equivalent” method for calculating share of primary energy; if the “substitution” method were used, the IPCC figure also would be 16% (as given in Table A.II.1 in Annex II of the IPCC report). II) This section includes energy data where possible but focuses mainly on installed capacity data. See Note on Accounting and Reporting of Installed Capacities on page 94. III) Starting with this edition, the Renewables Global Status Report covers all PV (on- and off-grid) together rather than focusing primarily on grid-connected PV. Figure 2 includes both all PV and grid-connected-only PV to demonstrate the impact of this change on average annual growth rates. See Note on Accounting and Reporting of Installed Capacities for more on PV coverage. 17 RENEWABLES 2011 GlObal STaTuS RePORTPDF Image | GLOBAL STATUS REPORT Renewables 2011
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