PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 021
At the same time, interest in community wind power projects is on the rise in countries such as Canada. The use of small-scaleI turbines is also increasing, driven by the need for electricity in rural areas, the development of lower-cost grid-connected inverters, and government incentives.56 The United States added an estimated 0.02 GW of small-scale wind turbine capacity during 2010, while the U.K. small-scale turbine market increased 65% compared with 2009, for a total of almost 0.04 GW.57 As of 2009, China’s small-scale turbines were providing electricity to an estimated 1.5 million people.58 Biomass is commonly used to produce power and/or heat, and some is transformed into liquid biofuel for transportation. (See later sections on Heating and Cooling Markets, including heat from combined heat and power plants, and on Transport Fuel Markets.) Technologies for generating electricity from biomass include direct firing or co-firing (with coal or natural gas) of solid biomass, municipal organic wasteII, biogasIII, and liquid biofuels. Significant increases in biomass use for power production were seen during 2010 in a number Total existing wind power capacity by the end of 2010 was enough to meet an estimated 2.0–2.5% of global electricity consumption.59 Existing wind capacity installed in the EU by year-end could meet 5.3% of the region’s electricity consumption in a normal wind year (up from 4.8% in 2009).60 Several countries met higher shares of their electricity demand with wind power in 2010, including Denmark (22%), Portugal (21%), Spain (15.4%), Ireland (10.1 %), and Germany (6%).61 In addition, four German states met well over 40% of their electricity needs with wind in 2010.62 of European countries, the United States, and in China, India, and several other developing countries. Globally, an estimated 62 GW of biomass power capacity was in place by the end of 2010.68 The state of Iowa led in the United States, meeting more than 15% of electricity needs with wind power during 2010; in the territory of the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, which covers 85% of the state’s electric load, wind generated 7.8% of electricity in 2010.63 China generated 1% of its electricity with wind (nearly twice the production of the previous year), although wind’s share was far higher in several provinces including Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (12%) as well as Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces and Xinjiang Autonomous Region (4% each).64 The United States continued to lead the world for total biomass power generation in 2010. Other significant producers included the EU, led by Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, and Brazil, China, and Japan.69 Less than 0.3 GW of biomass power capacity was added in the United States during 2010, bringing the total to 10.4 GW (excluding municipal organic waste), and it gener- ated about 48 TWh during 2010.70 Most U.S. biomass electricity is derived from wood and agricultural residues and black liquor burned as fuel for cogeneration in the industrial sector.71 An increasing amount is derived from landfill gas, which accounted for 8 TWh in 2010; as of mid-April 2011, more than 550 plants were fueled with landfill gas, totaling 1.7 GW capacity (up from 1.4 GW in 2008).72 A significant number of projects were at various stages of development by year’s end. China alone planned to install more than 30 GW during 2011 and 2012; by early 2011, significant additional capacity was also under The European Union’s gross electricity production from biomass increased nearly 10.2% between 2008 and 2009, from 79.3 TWh to 87.4 TWh.73 Solid biomass accounted for 62.2 TWh – about 71% – and biogas accounted for the remainder. About half of Europe’s biomass power production came from electric-only facili- ties and half came from combined heat and power (CHP) plants, but the breakdown varies by country.74 I) Small-scale wind systems are generally considered to include turbines that produce enough power for a single home, farm, or small business. The American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), for example, defines “small-scale” as less than 100 kW, but size can vary according to needs and/or laws of a country or state. II) Note that municipal organic waste (the organic/biogenic share of municipal solid waste) that is incinerated is not including in GSR data or in Tables R1 and R4. See Note on Accounting and Reporting of Installed Capacities for more on this topic and the challenges of reporting on global biomass energy developments. n biomass Power III) Biogas can be produced from methane capture at landfills (landfill gas) or by anaerobic digestion of urban wastewater and effluent treat- ment plants (sewage gas) and of slurry, crop residues, food processing waste, household, and/or green waste. 21 01 of Jiangsu, totaling 1 GW and due to be completed by 2014.53 Elsewhere, the Cape Wind project (nearly 0.5 GW) off the U.S. east coast, first proposed in 2001, completed its federal permitting process.54 construction in the United States (5.6 GW) and U.K. (1.9 GW).65 New European players include Bosnia (planning its first wind farm) and Romania, which in 2010 began constructing what will be Europe’s largest onshore wind farm.66 There are also encouraging signs from Latin America (particularly in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Uruguay) and Africa, where projects are planned or under way in Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Tunisia, and Tanzania – includ- ing Kenya’s 0.3 GW Lake Turkana project and 0.7 GW of capacity under construction in Morocco.67 There is a trend toward increasing the size of individual wind projects, both offshore and onshore, driven mainly by cost considerations (including infrastructure such as substations or grid connection points as well as licensing and permitting costs). By the end of 2010, the world’s largest operating onshore wind farm (almost 0.8 GW) was located in the United States, as was the biggest then under construction.55 RENEWABLES 2011 GlObal STaTuS RePORTPDF Image | GLOBAL STATUS REPORT Renewables 2011
PDF Search Title:
GLOBAL STATUS REPORT Renewables 2011Original File Name Searched:
gsr2011.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |