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03InDuSTRy TRenDS of the Investment Tax Credit (ITC), low natural gas and electricity prices, and transmission access issues, so that project developers managed only half the number of projects they did in 2009. Leading owners of wind power projects in the United States include NextEra, Iberdrola Renewables, Horizon-EDPR, MidAmerican/PacifiCorp, and E.ON Climate & Renewables.10 world’s largest, targeting pellet sales to Scandinavia.18 In the United States, Point Bio Energy was constructing a 400,000 tonne/year pellet plant in Louisiana, targeting European markets starting in 2012.19 Direct-drive turbine designs captured 18% of the global market, led by Enercon (Germany), Goldwind (China), and Hara XEMC (China). Preferred turbine sizes were 2.5 MW in the U.K., 1.4 MW in China, and 1.2 MW in India. Globally, the average turbine size increased to 1.6 MW, up from 1.4 MW in 2007.11 Vestas launched the largest commercial turbine thus far, the dedicated offshore V164 7 MW turbine, targeting North Sea opportunities.12 The production of biogas is also increasing. Historically a fuel produced in small quantities at the household, farm, or community level in rural agricultural areas of developing countries (see section on Rural Renewable Energy), biogas has become a mainstream commercial fuel produced from passive methane capture at landfills, from urban wastewater and effluent treatment plants, and from energy conversion methanization plants fed with slurry, crop residues, food processing waste, and household and green waste.20 The small-scale wind industry continued its expansion in 2010. The Nordic Folkecenter has identified 106 companies in 29 countries that are manufacturing wind turbines of 50 kW and smaller.13 In the United States, an estimated 95 manufacturers were producing turbines of 100 kW and smaller (up from 60 active firms in 2001), with half of the firms still developing prototype turbines.14 In China, 80 manufacturers were reported The biogas industry has been moving beyond its historic focus on waste treatment and management into energy generation, including the use of purpose-grown green energy crops in some countries. German firms have led in manufacturing and project development, driven by strong domestic demand and a feed-in tariff for biogas. By the end of 2010, there were roughly 6,800 biogas production plants in Germany.21 Leading biogas manufacturing firms include Axpo Kompogas (Switzerland), Organic Waste Systems (Belgium), Strabag Umweltanlagen (Austria), and Agroferm Group, MIT- Energie, Biotechnische Abfallvertungen, Biogas Nord, Weltec BioPower, Envitec Biogas, and Schmack Biogas, all in Germany.22 to be active in 2010, selling turbines within China and exporting to Mongolia.15 With strong incentives for small wind in the U.K., installations grew 65% to 3,280 systems deployed in 2009 with over 20 domestic manufacturers and a number of foreign manufacturers active in the market. Roughly 55% of small wind turbines produced in the U.K. are exported, and 45% are used domestically.16 Leading producers of biomass boilers for homes and small businesses (4.5–1,000 kW capacity) include Froeling (Austria), HDG Bavaria (Germany), ETA Heizteknik (Austria), and KWB (Austria). Industrial and municipal-scale plants and boilers (250 kW to 45 MW capacity) are manufactured by Compte-R (France), Weiss France (France), MW Power Oy (Finland), Foster Wheeler AG (Switzerland), and Babcock & Wilcox (USA), among others. Many electric utility companies, such as E.ON, Dalkia, and GDF Suez, also continued to increase their investments in biomass power plants during 2010. n biomass Power and heat Industry The biomass power and heat industry supplies and uses solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels from forestry, agricultural, and municipal residues. Much of this diverse industry is centered in Europe where, despite fiscal austerity, manu- facturing and project-development firms saw modest growth in 2010, reflecting the continued push from EU targets and national action plans for renewables. Leading biomass conversion equipment manufacturers are located primarily in Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Austria, Poland, and Germany. Europe has the largest wood pellet production industry in the world, with 670 pellet plants under operation, producing 10 million tonnes in 2009.17 The growth of wood pellet production facilities, in particular, continues to be a notable trend in the biomass industry. Significant developments during 2010 include a new deal agreed by Brazilian pellet producer Suzano to supply eucalyptus pellets to U.K. developer MGT Power; Biowood Norway’s launch of wood pellet exports from its 450,000 tonne/year facility; and an announcement by the Finnish-Swedish venture Stora Enso of a EUR10 mil- lion investment in a 100,000 tonne/year plant in Estonia. By early 2011, Vyborgskaya Cellulose planned to start 40 operations at its 900,000 tonne/year plant in Russia, thePDF Image | GLOBAL STATUS REPORT Renewables 2011
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