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development, a trend first noted in 2008. In Japan, manu- facturers have become involved in direct retailing, instal- lation, and after-sale service. Some traditional energy companies have diversified by expanding their opera- tions into renewable energy: Saudi Arabian energy firm KA-CARE announced a 10 MW PV plant for desalination in 2010, and oil company Saudi Aramco is co-developing a 1–2 MW power plant with Solar Frontier.35 Firms also began to expand their technology develop- ment efforts to include molten salt technology. Examples are Bass and Yara of Spain. Development of new designs for molten salt towers and even trough systems was continuing in expectation of new Spanish policy for CSP beyond 2012. Such new policy would allow for new designs and technologies, in contrast to the existing but limited feed-in tariff, which applies only to already- planned and designed projects.40 In response to India’s National Solar Mission, with its ambitious target of 20 GW of solar power installed nationwide by 2022, India’s domestic solar manu- facturing industry saw new growth in 2010. Indian firms include Bharat Heavy Industries, Central Electronics, HHV Solar Technologies, Indosolar, KSK Surya Photovoltaic, Moser Baer, Tata BP, Websol Energy Systems, XL Telecom & Energy, Jupiter Solar Power, and Bhaskar Silicon. Moser Baer India led in new project installations during 2010, including the commissioning of a 1 MW thin-film power plant in Maharashtra.36 The Spanish industry leads the world in CSP plant design and operation with over 80 active firms.41 Leading project development firms worldwide include Abengoa (Spain), Acciona (Spain), BrightSource (United States), Schott (Germany), and Siemens (Germany).42 Leading mirror manufacturers include Saint-Gobain (France), Flabeg (Germany), and Rio Glass (Spain). Other notable CSP firms include Areva (Spain), eSolar (USA), Solar Millennium (Germany), and Solar Reserve (USA).43 n Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP) Industry The year 2010 saw some notable trends in the CSP industry. Although industry activity continued to focus in the two leading markets of Spain and the United States, the industry expanded its attention to other markets in Algeria, Australia, Egypt, Morocco, and even China. Still, most industry expansion took place in Europe and the United States. For example, Schott of Germany doubled its production of receiver tubes in its facility in Seville, Spain. Rio Glass of Spain, a relatively new company that has become a major producer in recent years, was build- ing a manufacturing plant in the United States and also planning for plants in India and China.38 The U.S. industry is the global leader, developing approximately one-third of the world’s new projects, all in its domestic market. Japanese firms Mitsubishi, Toshiba, and Fuji Electric supply 70% of the steam turbines at geothermal plants worldwide. Leading firms in conventional geothermal include Borealis Geopower, Calpine, CalEnergy, Chevron, Enel SpA, GeoGlobal, Gradient Resources, Magma Energy Corp., Mighty River Power, Nevada Geothermal Power, Ormat Technologies, Oski Energy, POWER Engineers, Ram Power, Terra-Gen Power, ThermaSource, and U.S. Geothermal. Leaders in EGS Geothermal include AltaRock Energy, EGS Energy, Geox, Geodynamics, and Potter Drilling.44 The industry also saw several acquisitions by major energy players seeking to enter the CSP market. Siemens bought Solel (Israel), ABB bought Novatech, GE bought E-Solar, and Ariva bought Ausra. Alstrom also entered into a joint venture with Bright Source. The industry remained vertically integrated, with individual compa- nies involved in many parts of the value chain, but this was expected to change as markets expand and as com- panies specialize in specific parts of the value chain.39 Geothermal power technologies include conventional “hydrothermal,” enhanced geothermal systems (hot rocks, EGS), and co-production or geopressure systems. Plants are typically 50–200 MW and take 5–7 years to develop from discovery to commercial development. The risk to developers is similar to oil or mining projects where the size of the resource is unconfirmed until drilling takes place. n Geothermal heat and Power Industry 03 43 RENEWABLES 2011 GlObal STaTuS RePORTPDF Image | GLOBAL STATUS REPORT Renewables 2011
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