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98 81 Figure of 28.7 TWh provided by Thomas Nieder, Centre for Solar 01ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW 58 - 104 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 “Solar Plans Lit Up by $5bn Fund,” www.sonnenseite.com, 26 August 2010; Tanzania from Fumbuka Ng’wanakilala, “Tanzania Plans $120 Million 50 MW Wind Power Project,” Reuters, 29 December 2010; Nigeria from Franz Alt, “First Wind Park Project in Nigeria,” sonnenseite.com, 12 October 2010; Kenya from http://laketurkanawindpower.com/default.asp. Katie Christensen, Catalogue of Small Wind Turbines 2010 (Hurup Thy, Denmark and Beijing: Nordic Folkecenter for Renewable Energy and CWEA, May 2010). Small-scale wind turbines are also being used in many countries for water pumping, as in India, where there were 1,351 installed at the end of January 2011, per MNRE, op. cit. note 3, Table 5.6, 2011. Note that there exists only limited data available for small-scale wind turbine markets and other developments, so it is not possible to provide global statistics here. The project is expected to add about 30% to Kenya’s total installed electric capacity and is the first wind project in Kenya registered with the Clean Development Mechanism. Morocco from “Renewable Energy in Morocco: Interview with HE Amina Benkhadra, Minister of Energy, Mines, Water, and Environment,” Marcopolis.net, 21 January 2011. Estimate of 1.92% from BTM Consult – A Part of Navigant Consulting, provided by Birger Madsen, personal communication with REN21, May 2011; 2.5% from WWEA, op. cit. note 3. EWEA, “Offshore and Eastern Europe...,” op. cit. note 13. Denmark from energinet.dk and Danish Energy Agency, provided by Birger Madsen, communication with REN21, 7 June 2011. Note that 2010 was an 84% wind year; in a normal wind year, the coverage would have been 26%. Portugal from Luísa Silvério, Directorate General for Energy and Geology (DGEG), personal communication with REN21, April 2011; Spain from Beltrán García-Echániz, op. cit. note 18; 16.4% in Spain from AE Eolica, op. cit. note 40. Note that wind power covered 43% of Spain’s national electricity demand on 9 November 2011, per Red Eléctrica de España (REE), The Spanish Electricity System: Preliminary Report 2010 (Madrid: December 2010); Ireland from EWEA, Wind in Power..., op. cit. note 13; Germany from BMUAGEE- Stat, op. cit. note 16. EWEA says wind’s share in Germany was 9.3%. J.P. Molly, “Status der Windenergienutzung in Deutschland – Stand 31.12.2010,” DEWI, www.dewi.de. Iowa leads the U.S. with 15.4% of all electricity generated from wind (8,799 MWh of 57,135 MWh total) in 2010, based on EIA, Monthly Energy Review, March 2011, at www.eia.doe.gov/pub/ electricity/epm0311.zip. Note that wind’s share is up to 20% according to George C. Ford, “Iowa Wind Energy Industry Expected to See Slow Recovery,” Eastern Iowa Business, 30 January 2011; Texas from “About ERCOT,” www.ercot.com/about/; AWEA, U.S. Wind Industry Year-End 2010 Market Report (Washington, DC: January 2011). Figure of 1% from IEA, op. cit. note 26, p. 44; nearly twice the pro- duction is based on 27.6 TWh generated in 2009 and 50.1 TWh in 2010, from China Electricity Council, data provided by Shi Pengfei, CWEA, personal communication with REN21, 17 March 2011; provincial data from Shi Pengfei, CWEA, personal communication with REN21, May 2011. According to another source, in 2010 China’ s wind turbines operated for 2,097 hours on average and constituted 21.1% of local power consumption in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, 8.7% in the western part of Inner Mongolia, 5.6% in Jilin Province, and 4.6% in Heilongjiang Province, per State Grid Corporation of China, as cited in “China Grids to Connect 90 m kW of Wind Power by 2015,” China Daily, 16 April 2011. China from Shi Pengfei, CWEA, China country report, in WWEA, Wind Energy International 2011/2012 (Bonn: May 2011); United States from AWEA, “U.S. Wind Industry Continues Growth, Despite Slow Economy and Unpredictable Policies,” press release (Washington, DC: 7 April 2011); the UK also had 3.3 GW with consent and awaiting construction, but there is no guarantee this will be built, per Energy Statistics Team, U.K. Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), London, 6 June 2011. Energy & Enviro Finland, “Bosnia to Kick Off Hydro, Wind Projects,” www.energy-enviro.fi/index.php?PAGE=3&NODE_ ID=5&LANG=1&ID=3456, 31 December 2010; Romania from Andrew Lee, “Country Profile: Romania Opens Up to Green Energy,” RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 5 October 2010. “Greenpeace celebra inauguración de parque eólico en La Rioja y reclama que sea el inicio de una verdadera revolución energética,” Greenpeace Argentina, 20 May 2011; Greenpeace International and European Renewable Energy Council (EREC), Energy [R]evolution. A sustainable energy future for Argentina (Buenos Aires and Brussels: July 2009); Brazil and Mexico from GWEC, “Global Wind Capacity Increases by 22% in 2010 – Asia Leads Growth,” 2 February 2011, at www.gwec.net; Chile and Uruguay from WWEA, op. cit. note 3; Costa Rica and Nicaragua from Gonzalo Bravo, Bariloche Foundation, Argentina, personal communication with REN21, May 2010; Egypt from WWEA, op. cit. note 3; Ethiopia from Steve Sawyer, GWEC, Brussels, communication with REN21, May 2011; Tunisia from Franz Alt, 68 Biomass power figures do not include waste-to-energy capacity (MSW) – see Note on Accounting and Report of Installed Capacities for explanation. Biomass power figures are adjusted from 2009 to reflect updated IEA data for biogas and solid biomass power statistics from individual country submissions to this report. 69 IEA, op. cit. note 26, p. 52. Due to lack of available data it is not possible to rank countries according to newly installed capacity. 70 Additions in 2010 from U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Energy Infrastructure Update, December 2010; 2010 additions and existing capacity also based on 212 MW planned additions for 2010 (excluding 5.5 MW of MSW), from EIA, “Annual Electric Generator Report,” Generator Y09 File, “Proposed” tab, EIA Form 860, 2010, and on total 2009 nameplate capacity of 10,153 MW (excluding 2,676 MW of MSW) from EIA, “Annual Electric Generator Report,” Generator Y09 File, “Exist” tab, EIA Form 860, www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/page/ eia860.html, viewed 13 June 2011; generation based on total (including MSW) of 56.5 TWh less generation from MSW (8.2 TWh), EIA, “2010 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series,” Forms EIA-923 and EIA-860, 2011, www.eia.gov/cneaf/electric- ity/page/eia906_920.htm, viewed 10 June 2011. 71 This includes the pulp and paper industry, from U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 2009 Renewable Energy Data Book (Washington, DC: August 2010), and from EIA , “2010 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series,” op. cit. note 70. 72 Generation from EIA, “2010 December EIA-923 Monthly Time Series,” op. cit. note 70; 2010 data from EPA, Landfill Methane Outreach Program, “National and State lists of landfills and energy projects,” www.epa.gov/lmop/projects-candidates/ index.html#map-area, updated 12 April 2011; 2008 data from EIA, “Table 1.12 U.S. Electric Net Summer Capacity, 2004–2008,” in Renewable Energy Trends in Consumption and Electricity 2008 (Washington, DC: 2009), at www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar. renewables/page/trends/trends.pdf. 73 Not including municipal organic waste. EurObserv’ER, Solid Biomass Barometer (Paris: November 2010), pp. 125, 127; EurObserv’ER, Biogas Barometer (Paris: November 2010), p. 108. 74 Further, about 63% of solid biomass power was from CHP, whereas the vast majority (81%) of biogas-derived power was from electric-only plants. Ibid. 75 Solid biomass generated 62.2 TWh, biogas 25.2 TWh and the renewable share of MSW 15.4 TWh in 2009, Ibid and EurObserv’ER, Renewable Municipal Waste Barometer (Paris: November 2010), p. 94. 76 Production increased from 20.8 TWh in 2001 to more than 62 TWh in 2009, per EurObserv’ER, Solid Biomass Barometer, op. cit. note 73; 800 plants from Ecoprog and Fraunhofer Umsicht survey reports, cited in idem. 77 EurObserv’ER, ibid and EurObserv’ER, Biogas Barometer, op. cit. note 73, p. 107. 78 Data exclude MSW, per EurObserv’ER, Solid Biomass Barometer, op. cit. note 73, p. 125, and EurObserv’ER, Biogas Barometer, op. cit. note 73, p. 108. Germany is also the top biogas producer in Europe, both in total and in per capita production, per EurObserv’ER, idem, p. 111. 79 Data exclude MSW. Future growth and new markets from EurObserv’ER, Biogas Barometer, op. cit. note 73, p. 115. 80 Danish Energy Agency, Energistatistik 2009 (Copenhagen: September 2010).PDF Image | GLOBAL STATUS REPORT Renewables 2011
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