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102 174 Saili, op. cit. note 162. In 2010, Iceland generated 73% of its 01ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW 152 - 195 Mahmoud, RCREEE, personal communication with REN21, (2011) reported 926 GW of conventional hydropower in 2009, citing the International Journal on Hydropower and Dams, World Atlas & Industry Guide (Wallington, Surrey, U.K.: 2010). If the estimated 30 GW is added to this, the global total for conventional hydropower for 2010 becomes about 956 GW. The range of added and total existing capacity is quite wide because there remains a significant gap in data on hydropower at the global level. Note that exact figures are difficult to calculate in part because many projects are constructed over a period of several years, with incremental capacity added each year, and because those concerned do not always provide regular progress updates. BNEF, op. cit. this note. In addition, according to IHA: “As to current installed capacity and generation of hydropower, up-to-date information is lacking and/or inconsistent. Compared with other energy sectors, there is a substantial data gap on hydropower deployment.” IHA, op. cit. note 161. Hydropower data for Table R4 not noted elsewhere in this section include Germany (4.8 GW conventional hydro) from BMU/AGEE-Stat, op. cit. note 16; and other data based on EIA, “International Energy Statistics – Electricity Capacity, Online Database, www.eia.gov/ cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm?tid=2&pid=2&aid=7, viewed June 2011; submissions from report contributors; historical databases going back to 2005 report edition as maintained by Eric Martinot. May 2011. 152 Based on 996 MW under construction and 1,839 MW expected to come on line by end of 2013, per Beltrán García-Echániz, op. cit. note 18, and subtracting 50 MW that began operating in March 2011, per NREL, op. cit. note 151. 153 Capacity under construction and signed contracts from Morse Associates, op. cit. note 3. See also “Feds Surge Forward on Solar Projects in the Southwest,” PoliticsDaily.com, 17 January 2011, and Sarah McBride, “Big Push Could Be Over For California Solar,” Reuters, 29 December 2010. Note that at the end of 2010 there were 6.5 GW under contract in the United States; that had declined to 6.238 GW as projects shifted from CSP to PV. The main hurdles remaining for these projects are permitting and financing, per Morse Associates, op. cit. note 3. There are 10,918 MW of CSP projects under construction or development (“in the pipeline”) in the United States, per GTM Research, “Concentrating Solar Power 2011: Technology, Costs and Markets,” www.gtmresearch.com, 12 January 2011. 154 In the pipeline and Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Tunisia from Chandrasekar Govindarajalu (World Bank), “Manufacturing Opportunities in MENA along the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Value Chain,” slide 5, presentation for Third Saudi Solar Energy Forum, Riyadh, 3 April 2011, at http://ssef3. apricum-group.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/2-World- Bank-Govindarajalu-2011-04-03.pdf. Egypt and Algeria also from Morse Associates, op. cit. note 3. Algeria plant (ISCC Argelia) to be 150 MW, originally due to begin operation in 2010, from NREL, “Concentrating Solar Power Projects,” www.nrel. gov/csp/solarpaces/project_detail.cfm/projectID=44, updated 27 May 2009. UAE is 100 MW Shams-1 plant under construction; from Fred Morse, Morse Associates, personal communication with REN21, April 2011; from Ucilia Wang, “Abu Dhabi: Rise of 163 Ranking based on 2008 data, Richard Taylor, “Hydropower,” Chapter 7 in World Energy Council, 2010 Survey of Energy Resources (London: 2010), pp. 287–336; 52% from IEA, Key World Energy Statistics (Paris: 2010), and International Journal on Hydropower and Dams, op. cit. note 3. (These countries together account for 55% of global hydropower generation.) a Renewable Energy Titan?” RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 25 January 2011; and from Stephen Lacey, “Abu Dhabi To Build 100 MW CSP Plant,” RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 25 August 2010; Moroccan Solar Plan from “Renewable Energy in Morocco: Interview with HE Amina Benkhadra, Minister of Energy, Mines, Water, and Environment,” Marcopolis.net, 21 January 2011, www.marcopolis.net/renewable-energy-in-morocco.htm, and from Moroccan Agency for Solar Energy, “Moroccan Solar Plan,” www.masen.org.ma/, viewed 13 June 2011. 164 Ranking from IEA, Key World Energy Statistics, op. cit. note 2, and from International Journal on Hydropower and Dams, op. cit. note 3. Baseload vs. following based on 2008 data in Taylor, op. cit. note 163, and on EIA, “Canada: Country Analysis Brief,” www.eia.doe.gov/countries/cab.cfm?fips=CA, updated April 2011. 155 Morse Associates, op. cit. note 3; CHP in China from “Israeli Solar Combined Heat and Power Provider Signs Landmark Agreement with Chinese Government,” RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 22 February 2011. capacidadebrasil.asp, January 2011. 168 Canadian Hydropower Association, Ottawa, personal communi- 156 Morse Associates, op. cit. note 3. 157 Beltrán García-Echániz, op. cit. note 18; United States 170 Development slowed from IHA, op. cit. note 161; conventional hydropower and pumped storage capacity based on proposed 2010 additions of 20.5 MW conventional hydro and zero pumped storage from EIA, “Annual Electric Generator Report,” Generator Y09 File, “Proposed” tab, EIA Form 860, 2010, and on total 2009 nameplate capacity of 77,910 MW conventional hydro and 20,538 MW pumped storage from EIA, “Annual Electric Generator Report,” Generator Y09 File, “Exist” tab, EIA Form 860, viewed 13 June 2011, at www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/ page/eia860.html; 257 TWh from EIA, Electric Power Monthly, Table 1.13.B. “Net Generation from Hydroelectric (Conventional) Power by State by Sector, Year-to-Date through December 2010 and 2009,” 14 April 2011, at www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar. renewables/page/hydroelec/hydroelec.html. (1,536 MW) and others from Morse Associates, op. cit. note 3. 158 These projects amounted to about 1 GW, per Kurt Klunder, Klunder Consulting, personal communication with REN21, 29 April 2011. 159 Decrease from GTM Research, Concentrating Solar Power 2011: Technology, Costs and Markets, cited in “CSP Market Threatened by Rise of Solar PV,” RenewableEnergyFocus.com, 18 January 2011; others from Kurt Klunder, Klunder Consulting, personal communication with REN21, May 2011. 160 Figure of 150 from International Hydropower Association (IHA), 171 Figures of 55 GW and 20% from Frost and Sullivan, “Changing the Future of Energy – Hydrovision Russia 2011,” www.frost.com, 18 February 2011. (London: 2010). 161 Increase in 2010 from BP, op. cit. note 1; 16% from IHA, 2010 International Hydropower Association Activity Report (London: 2011). 162 Additions of 30 GW based on 27.1 GW large hydro estimate, 172 The share depends on weather conditions in any given year. Brazil from IEA, op. cit. note 26, p. 49; Canada from Canadian Hydropower Association, op. cit. note 168. Advancing Sustainable Hydropower, 2011 Activity Report based on research on nearly 90 projects of more than 50 MW each, from Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), “Clean Energy – Analyst Reaction. Investment in Large-hydro – How Large?” Table 1, 12 January 2011; and on 29–35 GW from Lau Saili, IHA, London, personal communication with REN21, March 2011. Existing capacity estimate based on IHA data for 2009 and 2010, and reflects the middle of the range of 2010 capacity (970– 1,060 GW) estimated by the IHA. The IHA global data may include pumped storage as well. The IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation 173 For example, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, and Zambia, per Mark Hankins, African Solar Designs, Kenya, personal communication with REN21, March and April 2011; Lesotho, Malawi, and Mozambique, per Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP), country data reports (2009), provided to REN21, 1 March 2011. Norway from Arun Kumar, IIT Roorkee India, personal communication with REN21, 6 June 2011. 165 Based on 2008 data in Taylor, op. cit. note 163. 166 Data of 16 GW and 213.4 GW are official data, provided by Ma Lingjuan, CREIA, personal communication with REN21, May and June 2011; 2005 data from IEA, op. cit. note 26, p. 48. 167 National Electric Energy Agency of Brazil (ANEEL), Generation Data Bank, www.aneel.gov.br/aplicacoes/capacidadebrasil/ cation with REN21, 27 April 2011. 169 Ibid.PDF Image | GLOBAL STATUS REPORT Renewables 2011
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