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106 295 BasedondatafromF.O.Licht,op.cit.note281.NotethatU.K.pro- duction was an estimated 0.35 billion liters per IEA, op. cit. note 3. 01ENDNOTES 01 GLOBAL MARKET OVERVIEW 253 - 308 253 254 255 256 Geothermal Power Plant,” RenewableEnergyFocus.com, 257 278 Swedish Energy Agency, Transportsektorns energianvändning 2010, (Energy Use in the Transport Sector 2010) (Eskilstuna, Sweden, 2011). 258 259 Ibid. Hangzhou from Weiss and Mauthner, op. cit. note 3; other plants 279 IEA, op. cit. note 26, p. 55. 280 U.S. and EU from Ibid; Brazil data from Datagro’s Bulletin, 260 of U.S. military aircraft, and jatropha-based biofuel blends have fueled a variety of other aircraft including commercial airliners. See “Camelina-Based Biofuel Breaks Sound Barrier on U.S. Air Force F-22 Raptor Test Flight,” Business Wire, 21 March 2011, and Jim Lane, “Lufthansa to Commence 6-month Aviation Biofuel Trial on Commercial Routes,” Biofuels Digest, 29 November 2010. 261 284 Figure of 86 billion liters based on 85,600 m3 from F.O. Licht, op. cit. note 281, and on 86.3 billion liters from IEA, op. cit. note 3; 2009 data from IEA, op. cit. note 3. Note that biofuels data are expressed in volumetric terms, not in terms of energy content. Where reported in tonnes, figures were converted to liters using factors 1,260 liters/tonne ethanol and 1,130 liters/ton biodiesel; where reported in cubic meters, ethanol data were converted to liters using 1,000 liters/m3. 262 263 264 265 266 285 Based on data from F.O. Licht, op. cit. note 281, and on IEA, op. cit. note 3. 267 268 50.1 billion liters per IEA, op. cit. note 3. 287 RFA, op. cit. note 286. 288 Ibid; 3% from U.S. Department of Agriculture and RFA, cited in 269 Agriculture Livestock and Supply, December 2009, data provided by Renata Grisoli, CENBIO, personal communication with REN21, May 2010; U.S. from Inae Riveras, “US 2011 Ethanol Exports Seen at 500 Mln Gal – CHS,” Reuters, 30 March 2011. 270 271 291 Marcos Jank, President and CEO of UNICA, the Brazilian Sugarcane Industry Association, 2011, http://english.unica.com.br/opiniao /show.asp?msgCode=37DE2608-81F3-4EC4-8383-F67E685C29EF. 272 292 Cheaper from Riveras, op. cit. note 290. 293 Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), 273 274 275 provided by Renewable Fuels Department, Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy, personal communication with REN21, 28 April 2011. Note that Brazil’s production in 2010 was 26.1 billion liters according to IEA, op. cit. note 3, and 26.2 billion liters according to F.O. Licht, op. cit. note 281. Share of global total based on data from idem and from IEA, op. cit. note 3. Ibid. Ibid. Saudi Arabia also from Bärbel Epp, “Saudi Arabia: 23 November 2010. 276 See, for example, Nicolaj Stenkjaer, “Biogas for Transport,” Largest Solar Thermal Plant in the World with 36,305 m2,” SolarThermalWorld.org, 2 July 2010. Weiss and Mauthner, op. cit. note 3; 3,900 m2 from Bärbel Epp, “Singapore: Austria Delivers and Finances Biggest Solar Cooling Installation Worldwide,” SolarThermalWorld.org, 31 August 2010. H. Schweiger et al., POSHIP: Potential of Solar Heat in Industrial Processes, www.solarpaces.org/library/docs/poship_final_report. pdf; Stefan Hess et al.. “SO-PRO Solar Process Heat Generation: Guide to Solar Thermal System Design for Selected Industrial Processes,“ 2011, www.solar-process-heat.eu; T. Müller et al., “PROMISE: Produzieren mit Solarenergie,” 2004, www.nachhaltig- wirtschaften.at/nw_pdf/0401_promise.pdf. See also, e.g., “Frito- Lay Solar System Puts the Sun in SunChips,” redOrbit.com, 4 April 2008. Andreas Häberle, “A Snapshot on Solar Heat for Industrial Processes,” PSE AG, Freiburg, Germany. Nordic Folkecenter for Renewable Energy, November 2008, at www.folkecenter.net/gb/rd/transport/biogas_for_transport; Switzerland from Dunja Hoffmann, GIZ, personal communication with REN21, 29 April 2011. in China include a Himin Solar Corporation food drying applica- tion in Qingdao and a sludge processing application in Jinan, per Lian Jiang, Himin Solar Corporation, personal communication with REN21, 9 June 2011. As of early 2011, SAB-Miller “Year 2011 – Number 02E 03/15/2011,” at www.datagro.com. br/section/1/informativo. These data include fuels used by light vehicles, including ethanol, gasoline, and natural gas. (South African brewery) intended to install a 1.5–2 MWth system in Polokwane, and Heineken (one of the leading brewing companies) planned to install solar thermal systems for three breweries (total capacity 5–6 MWth), per Werner Weiss, AEE – Institute for Sustainable Technologies, Gleisdorf, Austria, personal communication with REN21, 6 April 2011. John W. Lund, Derek H. Freeston, and Tonya L. Boyd, “Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy: 2010 Worldwide Review,” in Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress 2010, Bali, Indonesia, 25–29 April 2010; updates from John Lund, Geo-Heat Center, Oregon Institute of Technology, personal communication with REN21, March, April, and 7 June 2011. Lund, Freeston, and Boyd, op. cit. note 260; updates from Lund, op. cit. note 260. Ibid. Ibid. Ibid. Lund, Freeston, and Boyd, op. cit. note 260. Ibid; updates from Lund, op. cit. note 260. China (8.9 GWth) also from Li Junfeng and Ma Lingjuan, “Renewable Energy Development in China,” CREIA, China RE Entrepreneurs Club (CREEC), provided to REN21, March 2011. Lund, Freeston, and Boyd, op. cit. note 260; updates from Lund, op. cit. note 260. Note that U.S. production is lower than China’s despite the higher capacity in the United States due to the high share of heat pumps that provided 95% of geothermal direct use energy in 2010. EIA, Monthly Energy Review, February 2011, www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/ mer/overview.html, viewed 29 March 2011. Lund, Freeston, and Boyd, op. cit. note 260; updates from Lund, op. cit. note 260. Lund, Freeston, and Boyd, op. cit. note 260 updates from Lund, op. cit. note 260. Holm et al., op. cit. note 141. Lund, Freeston, and Boyd, op. cit. note 260; updates from Lund, op. cit. note 260. Figure of 2.9 million from Robert Crowe, “Demand for Geothermal Heat Pumps to Grow 14% by 2015,” RenewableEnergyWorld. com, 14 January 2011; most from Lund, Freeston, and Boyd, op. cit. note 260; China also from Li and Ma, op. cit. note 266. Lund, Freeston, and Boyd, op. cit. note 260; updates from Lund, op. cit. note 260. Figure of 130 MWth added and expected total capacity from Orkuveita Reykjavíkur, “Hellisheiði Geothermal Plant,” www. or.is/English/Projects/HellisheidiGeothermalPlant, viewed 28 April 2011. Eventually it will be one of the world‘s largest, with 300 MW electric and 400 MW of thermal capacity, per Friðrik Ómarsson, “133 MW Geothermal Energy Plant Commissioned,” RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 12 February 2011. “DrillingtoBeginforCornwallGeothermalPowerPlantin2011,” The Guardian (U.K.), 16 August 2010; “Bavaria Builds 10 MW 281 F.O. Licht, April 2011; IEA, op. cit. note 3. 282 Figure 11 based on F.O. Licht, op. cit. note 281; IEA, op. cit. note 3. 283 Camelina-based biofuel has been used successfully in test flights 277 Natural and Bio Gas Vehicle Association (NVGA Europe), www.ngvaeurope.eu, viewed March 2011. Sweden also from Stenkjaer op. cit. note 276; Switzerland also from Hoffmann, op. cit. note 276. See also Stephan Kabasci, “Boosting Biogas with Heat Bonus: How Combined Heat and Power Optimizes Biogas Utilization,” Renewable Energy World, September/October 2009. 286 F.O. Licht, op. cit. note 281; 49.2 billion liters based on 13 billion gallons (converted at 1 US gallon = 3.78541178 liters) from Renewable Fuels Association (RFA), Building Bridges to a More Sustainable Future: 2011 Ethanol Industry Outlook (Washington, DC: February 2011). Note that the United States produced RFA, ibid. 289 Net exporter and 1.3 billion based on 350 million gallons from RFA, op. cit. note 286; Canada et al. from “U.S. Ethanol Enters Global Market Place,” Energy Tribune, 18 October 2010. 290 Brazilian Supply Company (CONAB), Brazilian Ministry of 294 Based on data from F.O. Licht, op. cit. note 281. China produced 2.3 billion liters, India 0.2 billion liters, and Thailand 0.4 billion liters, per IEA, op. cit. note 3.PDF Image | GLOBAL STATUS REPORT Renewables 2011
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