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112 87 Biodiesel grants scheme description, strategy and policy, May 2009, www.eeca.govt.nz/node/3055 and www.eeca.govt.nz/ sites/all/files/biodiesel-scheme-description-july10.pdf. The New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme requires the transport sector to surrender NZ units for emissions that occur from 1 July 2010 till 31 December 2012 for NZD 12.50 per unit which relates to around NZD 0.03/liter of gasoline or diesel with biofuels exempt. 04ENDNOTES 04 POLICY LANDSCAPE 64 - 131 electricity costs during the same year and 1% for PV, per DSIRE, “Delaware: Renewables Portfolio Standard,” www.dsireusa.org; Delaware also expanded its Net Metering and Interconnection policy in July 2010 by allowing a customer to aggregate individual meters and to participate in net metering via a community-owned system, per DSIRE, “Delaware: New Metering,” www.dsireusa.org. 64 The new rules apply to all facilities not subject to FERC regulation. For facilities larger than 10 MW, the standards are used as a See www.climatechnage.govt.nz/emissions-trading-scheme. 88 Deleted in proof. 89 IEA, Renewables for Heating and Cooling – Untapped Potential starting point, per ACORE, “Renewable Energy in Iowa,” Section D4 of Working Party 2 report on the EU RES-H policy, 2009, www.res-h-policy.eu/downlaods/RES-H_Policy-Options_ (D4)_final.pdf. www.acore.org/files/pdfs/states/Iowa.pdf. 65 “South Korea Boosts Support for Renewable Energy,” 7 January 2011, 91 See Chapter 11 of IPCC, Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (2011), http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/report. www.energy-enviro.fi/index.php?PAGE=3&NODE_ID=5&LANG= 92 India’s national codes are initially voluntary but will later become mandatory. 1&ID=3465. 66 An estimated $34 billion will be invested by 2015 under the new 93 Unpublished data from L. Ferreira, EC Directorate General for Energy and Geology (DGEG), Brussels, personal communication with REN21, 2010. policy, including $19 billion by 2013 from the nation’s largest industrial groups. 67 As of late 2010, all 2.3 GW of new electricity investment in the 94 B. Epp, “Brazil: How the My Home, My Life Programme Can Help the Solar Water Heater Sector,” www.solarthermalworld.org, 15 December 2009. province has been in renewable energy capacity acquired at the lowest possible cost because of the confidential, closed-envelope bidding system and the freedom of the utility, BC Hydro, to pick the lowest bids. 95 Biomcasa, Informes técnicos IDAE Programa Biomcasa, at www.idae.es. 68 RCREEE, op. cit. note 27. 69 Malaysia from P. Gipe, Malaysia Adopts Sophisticated System of 96 German Federal Agency for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU), “Röttgen begrüßt MAP-Entsperrung” (Berlin: 7 July 2010). Feed-in Tariffs,” RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 28 April 2011; “Zambia Cuts Tax on Power Plants to Boost Output,” Reuters, 17 March 2011. 97 L. Hermwille, Germanwatch, personal communication with REN21, spring 2011. See also, BMU, “Röttgen begrüßt MAP-Entsperrung,” press release nr. 105/10 (Berlin: 7 June 2010), http://www.bmu.de/pressemitteilungen/ aktuelle_pressemitteilungen/pm/46203.php” www.bmu.de/ pressemitteilungen/aktuelle_pressemitteilungen/pm/46203.php 70 Trinidad and Tobago Ministry of Energy & Energy Affairs, Facing the Issues: Turning the Economy Around, National Budget Statement 2010/2011 (Port of Spain: 8 September 2010). 71 Sidebar 7 based on IEA, Harnessing Variable Renewables: A Guide to the Balancing Challenge (Paris: OECD, 2011). See also www.kombikraftwerk.de/. 98 G. Wynn, “UK First to Green Ignored Heating Sector,” Reuters, 29 October 2010; U.K. Department of Energy and Climate Change, “Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) Scheme,” www.decc.gov.uk. 72 There are no published sources of green energy consumers so this information is compiled country-by-country based on submissions from country contributors. 99 P. Gipe, “Britain Proposes Feed-in Tariffs for Renewable Heat, Solar Domestic Hot Water and Pipeline Injection of Biogas Included,” 2010, www.wind-works.org. 73 Renewable energy certificates in some countries may also enable utilities and other firms that are subject to quotas to meet their obligations; this is a role distinct from voluntary trading. 100 Biogas Partner, “Overview – Acts and Regulations,” www.biogaspartner.de. 74 Bundesnetzagentur für Elektrizität, Gas, Telekommunikation, Post und Eisenbahnen, Monitoringbericht 2010 (Berlin: 20 November 2010). 101 V. Bürger et al., “Policies to Support Renewable Energies in the Heat Market,” Energy Policy, vol. 36 (2008), pp. 3150–59. For more on the German Renewable Energies Heat Act, see BMU, “Heat from Renewable Energies: What Will the New Heat Act Achieve?” (Berlin: July 2008). 75 Green Energy Certification Center, Japan, http://eneken.ieej.or.jp/greenpower/eng/index.htm. 76 Ibid. 77 L. Bird and J. Sumner, Green Power Marketing in the United States: 102 Irish Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources, “Minister Ryan Announces New Government Support Price for Bioenergy,” press release (Dublin: 24 May 2010). A Status Report (2009 data) (Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, September 2010). 78 Ibid. 103 Ministry for National Economy, Hungary, New Széchenyi Plan, 2010, www.ngm.govhu and http://solarthermalworld.org/files/ New_Szechenyi_Plan.pdf ?download. 79 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “EPA Partners Continue Large Green Power Purchases: One Corporation Nearly Doubles its Green Power Usage,” press release (Washington, DC: 1 February 2011). 104 B. Epp, “Hungary: New Solar Thermal Association and New Incentive Programs,” www.solarthermalworld.org, 29 March 2011. 80 Unpublished examples cited by GSR contributors. 81 Association of Issuing Bodies, Annual Report 2010 (Brussels: 2010). 82 Bird and Sumner, op. cit. note 77. 83 EPA, op. cit. note 79. 84 GSE, “Mix fonti energetich,” www.gse.it/attivita/MIX/Pagine/default 105 Khumali, op. cit. note 110; L. Buthelezi, “Ipap2 Will Yield 129,000 Jobs,” Pretoria News, 11 April 2011. .aspx. This is the result of an EU 2003 Directive on disclosures, also supported by initiatives on reliability (www.reliable-disclosure.org/) and standards (www.eped.eu/portal/page/portal/EPED_HOME). fuel tax exemptions was not updated from the 2010 edition of this report. The 2010 edition shows production subsidies in Argentina, Bolivia, Canada (including five provincial-level subsidy policies), Colombia, Paraguay, and Portugal, and fuel tax exemptions in Argentina, Belgium, Bolivia, Colombia, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States (including subsidy policies at the state level in several states). 85 “Öko-Strom – wenig gefragt in deutschen Haushalten,” UmweltJournal.de, 21 February 2009. 86 GullNewZealandisasubsidiaryofGull,Australia.Seewww.gull.co.nz, www.environfuels.com/news.html#gull, and www.gull.co.nz/assets/ Press-Releases/110207-Bio-Fuel.pdf, viewed 7 February 2011. 108 In June 2010, the European Commission adopted a new certifica- tion scheme for sustainable biofuels, per EC, “Commission Sets Up System for Certifying Sustainable Biofuels,” press release (Brussels: 10 June 2010). From 2017 onward, the greenhouse gas emission savings of biofuels produced in existing production plants must be at least 50% compared to fossil fuels. The green- house gas emissions of biofuels produced in new installations will have to be at least 60% lower than those from fossil fuels. (Paris: OECD/IEA, 2007). 90 P. Connor et al., Overview of RES-H/RES-C support options, 106 “Solar Applications in Rural India Get MNRE Support,” March 2011, http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=70687. 107 Specific data on countries with production subsidies and/orPDF Image | GLOBAL STATUS REPORT Renewables 2011
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