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Geothermal Basics: Q&A binary or flash/binary geothermal plant produces nearly zero air emissions. Air emission levels at dry steam plants are considered to be slightly higher, because even without human intervention, geothermal systems already contain naturally-occurring dissolved gases. Air emissions from geothermal are still considered environmentally benign compared with technologies that involve combustion of the primary energy resource (fossil fuels). The exact relationship between human-caused and natural geothermal emissions at geothermal power plant sites is difficult to characterize, and varies based on the site’s unique resource chemistry, the resource temperature, type of power plant, and a number of other factors. Despite the difficulty in distinguishing between natural and human-caused emissions associated with geothermal power production, geothermal remains a low emitter. In an international community increasingly worried about worsening effects of climate change, geothermal can play an important role in reducing air emissions from electricity production and heating and cooling. In Nevada alone, the state’s 300 MW of geothermal power can save 4.5 million barrels of oil (the equivalent fuel used by 100,000 cars) and avoid emissions of 2.25 million tons of CO2 annually (Nev. Geo. Council). In the example of Lake County, California, located downwind of The Geysers geothermal complex, the county has met all federal and state ambient air quality standards since the 1980s. Air quality has even improved because hydrogen sulfide, which would ordinarily be released naturally into the atmosphere by hot springs and fumaroles, instead passes through an abatement system that reduces hydrogen sulfide emissions by 99.9% (GEA 2007 A Guide). Based on publicly available data for the State of California, GEA estimates an average emissions rate of approximately 180 pounds of CO2 per megawatt-hour (lb CO2/MWh) of electricity generated for geothermal power plants in the state. This is a relatively high estimate 40PDF Image | Green Machine Series 4000
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