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Executive Summary We conducted this investigation to: • Summarize the status of ground‐source heat pump (GSHP) technology and market penetration globally • Estimate the energy saving potential of GSHPs in the U.S. • Identify and describe the key market barriers that are inhibiting wider market adoption of GSHPs • Recommend initiatives that can be implemented or facilitated by the DOE to accelerate market adoption. Of the 15,400 MWt (4.38 x 106 tons) global installed base of GSHPs, about 56 percent of this capacity is installed in the U.S., corresponding to about 65 percent of the GSHP unit installations. Europe follows, with about 39 percent of the installed capacity, and Asia has about 5%. In Europe, Sweden is the dominant player in the GSHP market, with almost 2500 MWt (711,000 tons) installed— more than double any other European country. The U.S. GSHP market is split roughly evenly between residential and commercial applications, with only a very small market for industrial applications. GSHPs can provide significant primary unit energy savings compared to typical ASHPS or typical furnaces with air conditioners. Savings are often in the range of 30 to 60 percent of space‐conditioning energy consumption, depending on GSHP efficiency, technology replaced, climate, and application. Our energy‐savings and economics analysis compares two high‐efficiency technologies (GSHPs and advanced ASHPs) to two typical‐efficiency baseline systems (typical ASHPs, and furnaces with air conditioners). We used general relationships between fundamental (unsubsidized) economics and market penetration to project ultimate market penetrations of GSHPs and the associated national primary energy savings. Table E‐1 summarizes the technical potential energy savings (savings if all technically applicable applications are converted to GSHPs) and projected primary energy savings based on the ultimate market penetration, predicted based on economics. U.S. Department of Energy viiPDF Image | Ground‐Source Heat Pumps
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