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Ground‐Source Heat Pumps

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Ground‐Source Heat Pumps ( ground‐source-heat-pumps )

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Table E‐1: National Primary Energy Savings Potential of GSHPs Sector Technical Potential (Quad) Market Potential (Quad) Residential Commercial Total 3.1 0.1 0.6 0.05 3.7 0.15 In addition to high energy efficiency, GSHPs offer two key benefits: • Can have factory‐packaged refrigeration loop • Can reduce peak electric demand. GSHPs face three key barriers: • High equipment costs compared to ASHPs • Cost and difficulty of evaluating the suitability of individual installation sites • Installation‐specific design and engineering of the ground loop is generally required • Space requirements for ground coupling can be problematic in densely built areas. While advanced ASHPs offer lower unit energy savings compared to GSHPs, they tend to be more economically attractive and may be able to save similar amounts of energy on a national basis. We, therefore, recommend that DOE support advanced heat pumps in general, rather than supporting only one type. Incentives such as federal tax credits or utility rebates can be based on energy efficiency achieved, rather than type of heat pump. R&D projects can be pursued based on the individual merit of each prospective project, rather than type of heat pump. This will require close coordination between the DOE Geothermal Technologies Group (which is responsible for GSHPs) and DOE Building Technologies Group (which is responsible for ASHPs). This coordination will help ensure that both types of heat pumps are developed, evaluated, and promoted based on apples‐to‐apples cost and performance comparisons, and that duplication of effort is avoided to the extent possible. U.S. Department of Energy viii

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