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Figure 2‐9: Market Penetration for GSHPs in 8 European Countries, 2006 Source: GroundReach 2007 (Market Status) Individual European Countries Austria has the fifth highest capacity density per land area worldwide with 23,000 heat pumps installed (Le Feuvre 2008). Approximately 95% of heat pumps used in the Austrian housing market are ground‐source (Le Feuvre 2008). As in so many countries during the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the heat pump market was plagued by poor performance and reliability once less‐experienced companies started entering the explosive market during the oil crisis. The LGW (Leistungsgemeinschaft Wärmepumpe) trade association was formed in 1990 to promote heat pumps and develop education and training programs and has helped the market achieve renewed growth. The French heat pump market first developed between 1975 and 1985 during the oil crisis. After this initial boom, the market essentially disappeared due to a lack of skilled installers and poor equipment quality. The market was jumpstarted in 1997 by an initiative of Electricite de France (EDF), the national French electricity company, in association with ADEME (French environment and energy management agency) and BRGM (French mining and geological research board). In 2005, public authorities including the French Electricity Board and the French Environment and Energy Management Agency have implemented a substantial subsidy scheme for heat pumps in general which will continue through 2009. U.S. Department of Energy 22PDF Image | Ground‐Source Heat Pumps
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