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3 National Primary‐Energy‐Savings Potential for GSHPs Our approach to projecting the national primary‐energy savings5 of GSHPs is outlined below. 3.1 Approach to Projecting National Energy Savings Our review of the available literature provided a number of analyses of the economics and energy‐savings potential of GSHPs. However, we found no direct comparisons to alternative high‐efficiency HVAC technologies, such as advanced ASHPs, nor sufficient documentation to use available analyses for projecting national energy savings. Therefore, we used simplified spreadsheet analyses to project the economics and energy‐saving potential of GSHPs. Figure 3‐1 outlines our overall approach to projecting the national energy savings for GSHPs and other advanced technologies. We first identified the cost and performance characteristics of the two energy‐saving technologies considered (GSHPs and advanced ASHPs), as well as the existing space‐conditioning technologies that would be displaced: • Conventional ASHPs • Conventional furnaces and air conditioners. Figure 3‐1: Approach to Projecting National Energy Savings We then established geographical regions for analysis. We do this because energy savings and economics can vary significantly, depending on regional construction practices, climate conditions, and utility rates. We analyze two representative building applications (single‐family residential and small commercial/institutional). We then project national energy impacts for each: • Technology displacement option 5 Primary energy includes the energy associated with generation (for electricity only), transmission, and distribution to the end user. For electricity, we use the national average efficiency for 2006 (31.5%). For other fuels, we neglect the transmission and distribution losses. U.S. Department of Energy 30PDF Image | Ground‐Source Heat Pumps
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