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Figure 7‐1: Distribution of U.S. Households using Propane as the Main Space‐Heating Fuel West 17% South 44% Northeast 7% Midwest 32% Total # of Households: 6,000,000 Source: RECS 2005 7.3.6 Potential National Primary Energy Savings—Residential While the technical potential energy savings for residential applications of GSHPs is about 3.1 Quad, our economic analysis suggests that could achieve a national primary energy savings of about 0.1 Quad. While homes having propane and fuel‐oil furnaces may offer an attractive target market for residential GSHPs, they are not likely to provide significant national energy impacts. 7.3.7 Zero-Energy Homes Advanced ASHPs are currently available in efficiency ranges suitable for zero‐ energy homes (ZEH). Advanced ASHPs are available in capacity ranges of 1.5 ‐ 2 tons of cooling capacity, which is the range required for ZEHs. GSHPs in this capacity range, if available at all, are likely to be very expensive compared to ASHPs due to the fixed costs associated with ground‐loop installation. On the other side, ZEHs can utilize lower‐capacity GSHPs, which will reduce the first‐ cost barrier compared to conventional homes. 7.4 Observations/Conclusions for Commercial/Institutional Applications Compared to typical‐efficiency ASHPs, ranges of primary unit energy savings are (as a percent of space‐conditioning energy consumption): • Advanced ASHPs: 5 to 10 percent • Typical‐Efficiency GSHPs: 20 to 45 percent • High‐Efficiency GSHPs: 45 to 60 percent U.S. Department of Energy 87PDF Image | Ground‐Source Heat Pumps
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