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8.3.1 Ground-Loop Testing/Evaluation Researchers have demonstrated that the ground loop has significant impacts on ground temperature in the vicinity of the ground loop. Also, soil characteristics vary dramatically, and have significant influence on ground‐loop design and performance, and even the suitability of the site for a GSHP. Further, space constraints for some installations may not permit optimal sizing of the ground loop or spacing of bore holes. 8.3.2 Rigorous Performance Verification and Comparison to ASHP DOE should evaluate and document the energy‐savings potential of GSHPs compared to alternatives (advanced ASHPs and furnaces) through field testing and demonstrations. One option is to install both a GSHP and an ASHP (or furnace and air conditioner) in a test home and alternate use of each system. Adjust results for weather conditions and compare performance. Careful instrumentation of the ground loop is important to understand the impacts of seasonal ground‐temperature variation (due to heat extraction in the winter and heat rejection in the summer). 8.3.3 Gathering Data to Support Improved Design/Installation Guidelines Working with interested manufacturers and installers, DOE could encourage that 8.4 Promotion We recommend that GT and BT pursue several advanced heat‐pump promotional activities as outlined below. 8.4.1 Installation Codes DOE test procedures are used for measuring WSHP energy efficiency for ENERGY STAR® ratings.9 Because a WSHP is factory or laboratory tested, the DOE test procedure uses a formula to estimated ground‐loop pump‐power requirements. Unfortunately, this does not provide assurance that the GSHP, as installed, will use an energy‐efficient pump, nor a ground‐loop design and glycol flow rate that ensures optimum balance between heat‐transfer performance and pumping power requirements. We recommend that DOE work with state and local governments, manufacturers, and installers to develop model codes that state and local governments can utilize to ensure in‐field performance is consistent with good design practice. The model codes should provide (or reference) appropriate ground‐loop design and pump‐selection guidelines for various installation conditions and ground‐loop types. It should include 9 DOE test procedures reference the following industry test procedures: ARI 320 – Water Source Heat Pumps; ARI 325 – Groundwater Source Heat Pumps; ARI 330 – Ground Source Heat Pumps U.S. Department of Energy 93PDF Image | Ground‐Source Heat Pumps
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