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Figure 1: Geothermal plant infrastructure o Infrastructure Investment in Current Regulatory Framework - Existing regulatory framework is market-based to encourage lowest-cost solutions 20% MRET or Mandatory Renewable Energy Target (transitionary?) CO2 certificates. - Y et Geothermal Energy (including the cost electricity transmission, and the cost of CO2 in the geothermal siphon concept) is very expensive. - Will the private enterprise invest given the uncertainties of sovereign risks? - In providing emission-free baseload power, its competitors are clean coal and nuclear. Will the geothermal power (including all add-ons) be cheaper than these two? - A policy change on nuclear power would change things dramatically. The following points were raised by the floor following the Focus Group C presentation. o Renewable alternatives, e.g. solar thermal power are more expensive than geothermal. o Directional drilling will make the size of the site quite small. All the holes for a 50-MWe can be drilled from the same pad. o While the investment is large in total, it would be made over a long period and in stages. o For a field demonstration of the geothermal concept, a CO2 pipeline needs not be built if the demo site is close to CO2 supply. o Political imperatives are driving away from demo to immediate commercialization of IGCC. Similar mechanisms may militate here against a field demonstration forcing us directly towards a commercial trial. o Distance is the problem in this picture. To save on the pipeline and transmission costs, Longreach might be a suitable demo site (large producer of CO2). o Longreach power stations are 2/3rd into their economic life and this can be a threat for the long-term supply of CO2. o New Queensland power stations are all gas-fired (1500 MWe) using coal seam methane with reduced CO2 emissions. o These are very high costs but they are not very high compared to the costs of CCS. The carbon capture and sequestration costs are presently very high. In fact, the high cost of CCS may be a serious threat to the long-term viability of the CO2 geothermal siphon power plant. Will CCS be viable in the long run to keep providing CO2 to the geothermal siphon power plants? o Coal-fired power stations are looking expensive in comparison to Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles – which produce little CO2. The geothermal siphon plants may lose their supply of CO2 in Queensland with a shift to IGCC and coal seam methane. o The perceived advantages for CO2 as a working fluid for exploiting low-grade heat need to be separated from sequestration issues. o A possible option for CO2 reuse is converting it to CO at high temperatures and then converting CO to hydrocarbons by using the Fisher-Tropsch process. (If CO2 is heated to 2400°C, it splits into carbon monoxide and oxygen. The Fischer- Tropsch process can then be used to convert the CO into hydrocarbons.)PDF Image | Power Generation USING A SUPERCRITICAL CO2 GEOTHERMAL SIPHON
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