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CHAPTER 3 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES Geothermal reservoirs can be found from a few hundred feet up to two or more miles below Earth’s surface. We drill wells to reach them. After the wells are drilled, steel pipe (casing) is inserted. Now with an open passageway to the surface, the hot geothermal water or steam shoots up the well naturally or is pumped to the surface. From here it’s piped into a geothermal power plant. Geothermal Power Plants There are different kinds of geothermal power plants, because there are different kinds of geothermal reservoirs. Flash Steam Power Plants. Flash steam plants use really hot geothermal reservoirs of about 350°F or higher. From the well, high-pressure hot water rushes up pipes into a “separator,” where the pressure is reduced. This causes some of the water to vigorously “flash” to steam, the force that drives the turbine- generators. After the steam does its work, it is condensed back into water and piped back down into the geothermal reservoir so it can be reheated and reused. Most geothermal power plants in the world today are flash plants. Flash steam plants can include one steam/water separator or, more commonly, two separators (shown here). 32 ENERGY FOR KEEPS: ELECTRICITY FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY © 2007 The California Study, Inc. Hot water or steam from deep underground shoots up a geothermal well, spins the turbine- generator, and is returned to the reservoir. Geothermal reservoir HeatPDF Image | Renewable Energy Source: GEOTHERMAL
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