Renewable Energy Source: GEOTHERMAL

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Renewable Energy Source: GEOTHERMAL ( renewable-energy-source-geothermal )

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CHAPTER 3 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES HOT LOCATIONS The edges of the continents that surround the Pacific Ocean (the Pacific “Ring of Fire”) are prone to earthquakes and volcanoes and have some of the best geothermal resources in the world. This includes the western part of North, Central, and South America; New Zealand; Indonesia; the Philippines; Japan; and Kamchatka (eastern Russia). These countries all have coastlines that sit on or near the boundaries of tectonic plates (see page 30). Some of the other prime geothermal locations include Iceland, Italy, the Rift Valley of Africa, and Hawaii. New Energy from “Engineered” Reservoirs There are many places underground where the rock is really hot but doesn’t naturally contain much water. Researchers are working on ways to pump water down into the hot rock, creating “engineered” geothermal reservoirs. Sometimes called “hot dry rock,” this method involves drilling a well down into the hot rock and injecting high- pressure cold water to make cracks (fractures) in it. Then more water is pumped down into the fractured rock. The heat from the rock transfers to the water, and the now-hot water is pumped up a separate well to generate electricity in a binary power plant. A U.S. project at Los Alamos, New Mexico, first demonstrated that hot dry rock power plants can work. Japan, France, Germany, Switzerland, Australia, and other countries are also working on this method. In the United States and elsewhere, similar processes are being adapted to boost the production of already-developed natural geothermal reservoirs. 36 ENERGY FOR KEEPS: ELECTRICITY FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY © 2007 The California Study, Inc. This map shows the edges of the tectonic plates (they all have names) that form the “Ring of Fire.” Most countries in this area have lots of geothermal energy.

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