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CHAPTER 3 RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES CONSIDERATIONS (continued) ■ Geothermal water contains varying concentrations of dissolved minerals and salts. Sometimes the minerals are extracted and put to good use. Examples are zinc (for electronics and for making alloys such as bronze and brass) and silica. At reservoirs with higher concentrations, advanced geothermal technology keeps the salty, mineralized water from clogging and corroding power plant equipment. ■ Most geothermal reservoirs contain varying amounts of dissolved gases such as hydrogen sulfide. This gas smells bad (like rotten eggs) and is toxic at high concentrations. Modern geothermal technology ensures that geothermal power plants capture these gases before they go into the air. The gas removal processes can produce sulfur for use in fertilizers. ■ Geothermal reservoirs must be carefully managed so that the steam and hot water are produced no faster than they can be naturally replenished or supplemented. ■ Geothermal power plants run day and night, so they provide reliable baseload electricity. Most geothermal power plants can increase their output of electricity to provide more power at times of greater demand. But geothermal power plants can’t be used exclusively for peaking power; if geothermal wells were turned off and on repeatedly, expansion and contraction (caused by heating and cooling) would damage the wells. 38 ENERGY FOR KEEPS: ELECTRICITY FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY © 2007 The California Study, Inc. Geothermal Facts* United States ■ Geothermal resources suitable for electricity production in the U.S. occur mostly in the western states. ■ The U.S. has about 2,800 MW of geothermal power plants — currently more than any other country. Worldwide ■ Around the world there are about 11,000 MW of geothermal power plants in 22 countries, including the U.S., Italy, the Philippines, Japan, Indonesia, New Zealand, and Mexico. ■ Geothermal experts have identified 39 countries that could be powered 100 percent by geothermal energy. * Data available in 2004. See www.energyforkeeps.org for state-specific information about Geothermal energy use.PDF Image | Renewable Energy Source: GEOTHERMAL
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