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A DFC powerplant consists of the fuel cells described above (arranged in stacks to provide the required system voltage and power) and the equipment needed to provide the proper gas flow and power conversion, which is referred to as Balance of Plant (BOP). The power plant process is illustrat- ed in Figure 2. Fuel and water are heated to the required fuel cell temperature in a heat recovery unit (HRU), which transfers heat from system exhaust gases. The heated humid fuel stream is sent to the fuel cell stacks where, as described above, the fuel is converted to hydrogen, most of which is used in the electrochemical reaction. Residual fuel — i.e., fuel not consumed in the electrochemical reaction — is supplied to a catalytic reactor to heat incoming air. The heated air flows to the cathode to provide the cathode reactants (oxygen from the air and carbon dioxide from the anode reaction). Cathode exhaust gas exits the system through the heat exchanger used to preheat the fuel and water supplied to the HRU. Figure 3 shows a typical DFC power plant, with a cutaway illustration of one of the fuel cell modules, showing the fuel cell stacks within the module. There are two main pieces that make up the balance of plant equipment: the Mechanical Balance of Plant (MBOP), and the Electrical Balance of Plant (EBOP). The MBOP consists of such functions as water and fuel treatment, preheating and humidifi- cation of the fuel to be supplied to the anodes of the fuel cells, and supply of the air to the system. The EBOP encompasses such subsystems as the DC/AC converter, power metering, switching equipment, and the voltage transformer. As with other types of power plants, fuel cells can offer the benefits of cogeneration, known as Combined Heat and Power (CHP). A bottoming process, in that heat can be extracted in the production of electric power, cogeneration using fuel cells can represent a significant opportunity to increase the efficiency of the power plant. A diagram showing the setup for extracting “waste” heat during the generation of electrical power is shown in Figure 4. how fuel Figure 3. Typical FuelCell Energy Power PlantPDF Image | Stationary Fuel Cell Power Systems with Direct FuelCell Technology
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