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It is important to note that the scaling relations developed by Schlenker were for a helium cycle. Nevertheless most trends should also hold for CO2 working fluid. One major issue relevant to intercomparison between He and CO2 is the much higher recuperator duty called for in the latter: about twice the MWth per MWe compared to the He cycle. However, in actual optimized cycles (CO2 at 20 MPa, He at 7 MPa) the recuperator volumes, hence costs, are approximately equal. Another factor to consider is that the higher temperatures of the helium cycle would require use of more expensive materials in an IHX. Reference (2.5) shows that heat exchangers constructed of Inconel 625 are more expensive than those made of 316L SS by the ratio 5.0 /2.2 = 2.3. In terms of absolute costs for the HeatricTM units employed for the high temperature recuperator, low temperature recuperator, and (titanium) precooler, Dostal’s results scale to about 7 million dollars each for a 250 MWe unit, plus another 4 millions dollars for an IHX. The total of 25 million dollars represents about ten percent of total plant capital cost for a target total overnight cost of 1000$/ kWe. However his results are for older straight channel Z-flow HeatricTM units. At a workshop at MIT on 10/02/03, HeatricTM representatives stated that their new multiported configuration could “cut cost by a factor of about two”. Thus refinement of both heat exchanger design and cost estimates deserve high priority in future work at MIT and elsewhere. Very little has been done to date to estimate turbomachinery costs. One promising approach is to scale costs from those of the high pressure turbine in supercritical steam cycles (Ref 2.6) which have turbine inlet conditions of 250 bars and 560°C—remarkably close to those of the S-CO2 units at 200 bars and 550°C. Power ratings of 250 MWe are also comparable. 2.6 Indirect vs. Direct Cycles Most earlier work at MIT on S-CO2 Brayton power conversion has been directed toward direct cycle GFR applications. The present contract is exclusively focused on indirect cycle applications, which conveniently fall into two categories: 1. Reactors with sodium, lead alloys or molten salt as primary coolant 2. Reactors with helium as primary coolant. Fortunately the power cycle itself is not affected to any significant extent by the nature of the heat source, whether reactor core or intermediate heat exchanger. Optimum thermodynamic state points and all component thermal hydraulics remain the same. This considerably facilitates comparisons among applications and, in particular, assessment of the effects of employing an indirect cycle. Since the two most advanced nuclear power plant designs using the Brayton cycle (with helium as the working fluid) are direct cycle—the Eskom PBMR and the GA GT-MHR—this observation is of considerable practical utility. 17PDF Image | 300 MWe Supercritical CO2 Plant Layout and Design
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