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Modular S-CO2 Receiver/Generation Unit for Tower/Solar Field The CSP plant design described in this paper uses S-CO2 as both HTF and working fluid. The assumed capacity of the power block is approximately 5 to 10 MW. Each modular tower would house its own turbomachinery and multiple towers could be assembled in a single power park. Such a modular power park has been proposed by eSolar, although in their system a single power block is shared by multiple towers. The proposed configuration includes two-stage turbines to drive the CO2 compressor and generator respectively, as shown in Figure 1. Because of the compactness of the S-CO2 turbine/compressor, it is possible to reduce the size of the generation unit and integrate the generator unit in the tower as depicted in Figure 2. The benefits of integration include shorter piping and associated pressure loss, lesser thermal losses, and improved transient response. As a result, the system achieves high performance and significant cost benefits for CSP power generation. Figure 1. Dual-shaft, tower receiver S-CO2 Brayton Cycle solar thermal power system with thermal energy storage. There are two options for arranging the turbine/compressor/generator with the modular receiver generation set to operate with or without energy storage. The design options for the modular configuration are described below: 1. Modular generation unit in the receiver without energy storage. This is a baseline design that uses a modular tower with a small heliostat field. Turbine/compressor size depends on power rating and design parameters, such as compression ratio, shaft speed, and/or selection of axial or radial flow for the compressor and turbine. In order to have the S-CO2 generation module integrated into the receiver, the design considers the power rating and generation configuration for power block. The power block design assumes a dual-shaft turbine layout to separate gas compression and power generation shafts. The gas compression and power generation can run at different shaft speeds – each at its own optimum condition – so that the power generation matches the grid power frequency at 3600 RPM without gearbox. The compressor and compressor turbine run at much higher speeds for better efficiency. The high shaft speed for the compressor and compressor turbine reduces their sizes and improves performance. The high shaft speed results in a small size and better sealed system, and is very suitable for small power unit, as indicated in Table 1. Figure 2 shows a face-to-face layout of compressors and the compressor turbine that improves thrust balance. A motor/brake system is inserted in the compressor and compressor turbine for startup and shutdown. Power turbine runs at constant speed in synchronization with the grid frequency. The face-to-face layout for power turbines also cancels the force exerted on the thrust bearing. Table 1 shows the turbine size, shaft speed, and CO2 mass flow rate for power rating of 0.3, 3 and 300 MW. At the 3 MW level the turbine size is 15 cm (6 inch) with a speed of 50,000 RPM, and it is possible to locate the turbine in the receiver. The module power selected in the current design is between 5 MWe to 10MWe, so as to take advantage of S-CO2 Brayton turbine/compressor compactness. 2PDF Image | Advanced Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle Configurations for Use in Concentrating Solar Power Systems
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