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Advanced Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle Configurations for Use in Concentrating Solar Power Systems

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Advanced Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle Configurations for Use in Concentrating Solar Power Systems ( advanced-supercritical-carbon-dioxide-power-cycle-configurat )

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The power rating will be designed for maximum system performance, size and weight, and commercial availability for a modular solar field. Future performance and cost models will study whether recompression benefits would outweigh the complexity and cost of additional compressor stage and heat exchanges. Table 1. Turbine and compressor size vs. power (Ref. [7]) Power Rate (MW) 0.3 3 300 Turbine Wheel diameter (m) 0.04 0.15 1.5 Desired Shaft Speed (RPM) 125,000 50,000 3,600 CO2 Flow (kg/sec) 3.5 35 3500 Starting from the basic modular design, the energy storage option is considered by adding the thermal energy storage for the capability of continuous power generation. Figure 2. Schematic of a solar thermal tower receiver with embedded dual-shaft, S-CO2 Brayton Cycle power generation. 2. Modular receiver with high-temperature, thermal energy storage integration Modular S-CO2 system plus thermal energy storage (TES) can reduce the impact of weather conditions on generation variability. Implementation of a large TES for longer storage hours may shift generation to accommodate peak hours or allow for continuous power generation. Unlike water/steam Rankine cycles, S-CO2 undergoes no phase change and can be matched to current molten salt TES technology. Using design option (1) as a starting point, this design adds TES tank in the field to store solar energy for use during peak demand or under no-solar heat conditions. The TES system would probably be ground-mounted and shared between towers. This design can provide short term storage for weather transition and load shift simply and economically. Several operating CSP plants use molten salt TES. The “two-tank” salt system maintains hot and cold salt in separate tanks. During discharge, the salt is pumped from hot tank to cold tank through heat exchangers that heat the HTF. The process is reversed during charging. The flexibility of the system allows for operating modes described as generation mode, charge mode, and discharge mode: • Generation mode: All HTF used for power generation turbine and compressor turbine. • Charge mode: Power generation turbine stops or operates at partial load, and part of the S-CO2 is sent to the storage system, while heat is stored in the thermal energy storage tank. 3

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