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be about 4% less so than axial machines in the same service: this would only cost us about 1% in S-CO2 cycle efficiency. Ref. [2.12] also describes axial turbopumps designed for such rocket motor applications. Another example is Rankine steam cycle feed pumps, which raise pressure from ≈1 MPa to as high as 28 MPa for supercritical steam cycle applications. Pressure ratios are on the order of 2 per stage on these multistage units. The ABWR has two pumps in parallel 22 inch feedwater circuits; each provides 960 kg/s--- a mass flow rate about half that of our S-CO2 main compressor. Among existing radial compressors, the “world’s largest” CO2 compressor recently designed, built and tested by MHI is worthy of note [Ref. 2.13]. It has the following characteristics: Type Inlet pressure Outlet pressure Stage pressure ratio Throughput Power input Efficiency Discharge density radial, 7 stages 0.1 MPa 20.3 MPa 2.14 (inferred) 10.3 m3/s (inlet) 21.6 kg/s 11.7 MW 85% 291 kg/m3 @ 172.7°C The proposed application is for disposal, by subterranean injection, of CO2 from boiler exhaust gas, and builds on their experience with similar compressors used in fertilizer (urea) production plants. Because the machine ingests its gas at 1 atm, it is more appropriate to compare volumetric throughput: our S-CO2 compressor has a volumetric rate of about 4 m3/s: of the same order as the MHI machine. Hence its final two stages have some relevance to S-CO2 PCS applications. 2.4 PerformanceAttributes The use of radial compressors was initially ruled out on the basis of their lower efficiency and throughput compared to axial compressors. Most references suggest an efficiency deficit of on the order of 4%. Work since has weakened this motivation: (1) Cycle efficiency calculations show that 4% lower compressor efficiency reduces overall PCS efficiency by only 1%: see Fig. 2.6. (2) Plant layout and scale-up studies have shown that PCS ratings above about 300 MWe are not attractive. 10PDF Image | Analysis of Radial Compressor Options for Supercritical CO2 Power
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