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260 Table 4. Fluid J. Facão et al. Thermal performance of fluids that are below the critical temperature of 230oC Table 5. Fluid n-pentane Ammonia R245fa Thermal performance of fluids that are above the critical temperature of 230oC for cycle 3 – P1 limited to 2500 kPa. for cycle 3 superheating . . s.v.c. P1 [kPa] P2 [kPa] DT [K] Qinput [kW] Qcond [kW] h % [kg/Wh] xout % 84.63 83.42 – – Water 2795 9.59 0 22.2 17.2 22.55 0.00611 Methanol 641 43.65 6 24.3 19.5 20.60 0.01478 Cyclohexane 2100 29.98 0.12 22.5 17.6 22.25 0.03077 Toluene 1229 9.9 0.08 22.0 17.2 22.70 0.02892 P1 [kPa] 2500 2500 2500 P2 [kPa] 136.7 1782 295.6 DP above Pcrit [kPa] -864 -8833 -1139 . . Qinput [kW] Qcond [kW] h % 25.3 20.5 19.77 112.3 107.4 4.45 30.5 25.9 16.39 s.v.c. [kg/Wh] xout 0.03666 – 0.0664 – 0.08704 – The solar behaviour of the first 2 cycles (cycle 1 and cycle 2) was simulated for: Almeria (Spain), Tunis (Tunis) and Cairo (Egypt). The south facing collectors were associated in parallel and tilted 31o for Almeria and Tunis, and 25o for Cairo. The climatic data were obtained through Meteonorm, provided by TRNSYS. Solar collector areas between 10 m2 to 100 m2 were studied. The fluid flowing in the collectors was water. When the thermal storage tank was used, it was modelled as a fully-mixed tank and the results were compared with a model using a thermally stratified tank. This sensible energy storage tank was modelled with TRNSYS software. For the solar collectors, a water flow rate of 0.02 kg/s/m2 was used and a storage volume equal to 50 · Acol (in litres) was considered. A control system activates the circulation pump, so that water is circulated in the collectors only when the outlet temperature is higher than the storage temperature. Flat plate collectors were considered for cycle 1, with efficiency parameters supplied by AES [7]. For cycle 2, a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) was selected and the efficiency parameters were supplied by AO SOL [8]. For cycle 1, solar collector efficiency depends on the incidence angle modifier (k) – which is a function of incidence angle (i) – ambient temperature (Tamb), inlet water temperature (Tin) and incident radiation on collector surface (I): η=k⋅0.8-2.5⋅Tin -Tamb (3) I International Journal of Low Carbon Technologies 3/4PDF Image | Analysis of a solar assisted micro cogeneration ORC
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