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these minerals and also enhances their cohesion. These processes lead to the periodic permeability enhancement associated with reactivation of optimally oriented and critically stressed fractures, which has been shown to be an important mechanism in maintaining high reservoir permeability in some geothermal systems (Hickman et al., 1998; Barton et al., 1998). On the contrary, dissolution of crystalline rock by hydrothermal fluids reduces the strength of grain contacts and increases porosity in fracture walls (Boitnott, 2002). Furthermore, chemical alteration yields an increase in proportions of clay and other phyllosilicates, which promotes ductile behavior and reduces frictional strength (Lockner and Beeler, 2002) and which also reduces fault permeability (Crawford et al., 2002; Tembe et al., in press). Hence increased ductility of fault rocks that minimizes dilation accompanying slip and the mitigation of fracture regeneration is potentially an outcome of these processes. In low porosity crystalline rocks where brittle fracture and frictional slip exist, there is dilation owing to surface roughness along fracture walls, brecciation, and micro-cracking. Rapid sealing is evident for fractures that are generated by active precipitation and alteration in geothermal system. The brittle dilatant behavior responsible for permeability generation as revealed by crack-seal textures and brecciated cements are facilitated by precipitated calcite and silica. Figure 4 is a map of the mineralogy of Nevis. It can be observed that the mineralogy of the island is diverse. The North North West region of the island at Round Hill is concentrated with hornblende-pyroxene and phyric dacite. At Hurricane Hill, Cades Bay, Saddle Hill Red Cliff, Butler’s Mountain, and Nevis Peak there are pyroxene-phyric dacite, porphyritic dacite, pyroxene-phyric dacite, volcanic breccias, porphyritic and orthopyroxene-phyric dacite respectively (Hutton and Nockolds 1978, Petrology of Nevis). This mineralogy is evident of geothermal resources in Nevis. Figure 4: Mineralogy of Nevis (Source: Hutton and Nockholds 1978) GEOLOGY OF NEVIS The island of Nevis is one of particular interest to the Caribbean when it comes to geothermal energy development. Nevis is an ellipsoidal island which is situated at the Northern end of the Lesser Antilles archipelago. The island consists of a single volcanic complex comprised of a series of volcanic domes or centres. The oldest outcropping rock on the island is a conglomerate containing blocks of crystallized limestone that contain fossils of mid-Eocene age (Hutton 1965). The majority of the island is composed of Upper Pliocene to Lower Pleistocene volcanic rocks, dominated by ash and block flow deposits. The volcanic rocks of Nevis are classified according to the composition of silicon oxide concentration that they are comprised of. The three volcanic rocks are dacite, andesite and basalt. Seven volcanic centres have been identified on Nevis: Hurricane Hill, Cades Bay, Saddle Hill, Red Cliff, Butler’s Mountain and Nevis Peak (Hutton 1965; Hutton and Nockolds 1978).PDF Image | CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR GEOTHERMAL ENERGY CARIBBEAN
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