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compressors, indicate that at a relatively low reactor outlet temperature (850 C), the maximum cycle efficiency peaks at 45%, which corresponds to a reactor inlet temperature of 520 C. As the reactor outlet temperature is allowed to increase, the maximum efficiency increases to 51.5% at an outlet temperature of 1000 C. For intermediate outlet temperature between 850 C and 1000 C, the cycle efficiency increases from 45% to 51.5% with the corresponding reactor inlet temperature increasing from 520 C to 640 C. The effect of compressor efficiency on the overall Brayton cycle efficiency was determined by varying the compressor efficiency from 90 to 94 % using a constant reactor inlet and outlet temperature of 5000C and 900 C, respectively. The results showed that the cycle efficiency increases from 48.2% for a compressor polytropic efficiency of 90% to 50.2% for a polytropic efficiency of 94%. A practical way of reducing the compressor work is to keep the specific volume of the gas as small as possible during the polytropic compression. This can be achieved by maintaining the gas temperature as low as possible because specific volume is proportional to temperature. By dividing the compression process into stages and cooling the gas between stages, the total work done during the compression process is reduced. By reducing the compressor inlet temperature by 5 C, the overall cycle efficiency increases by 0.65 %. We also investigated the sensitivity of the effectiveness of the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) on the overall cycle efficiency. If the effectiveness of the IHX is improved from 90% to 92% at a core outlet temperature of 9500C and a core inlet temperature of 400°C, for example, there is an initial improvement of the overall Brayton efficiency by 0.65%. The IHX effectiveness has less impact on the efficiency compared to the compressor efficiency. In order to validate the HYSYS and V- B models, a simple one-shaft Brayton cycle layout and reference design of the GTHTR300 was used. GTHTR300 is a direct cycle plant that consists of three subsystem modules including a reactor with a prismatic core, a gas turbine generator module with one turbine, one compressor, and a generator on a single shaft in a horizontal arrangement, and a heat exchanger module with one recuperator and one precooler as shown in Figure E-1. Fig. E-1. GTHTR-300 Assumed values of turbine polytropic efficiency (92.8%), compressor polytropic efficiency (90.5%), recuperator effectiveness (95 %), and inlet compressor temperature (28 C) were used along with same conditions of other parameters in both the V-B and HYSYS models. The V-B model gives lower net cycle efficiencies than those of HYSYS except at the maximum efficiency point. The one difference between the HYSYS and V- B models lies in the uses of different helium property database. The V-B model uses the NIST database while HYSYS uses an equation of state to define the helium properties. Then in order to check the accuracy of HYSYS simulation using CO2, a CO2 pressure- enthalpy diagram was used. The results calculated by HYSYS agree very well with those calculated using the CO2 pressure-enthalpy diagram. viiPDF Image | Development of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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