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Figure 12. CO2 pressure-enthalpy diagram and paths to obtain the HPC exit temperature of 1130C. Task 2-2 Optimization of PBR Plant The objective of this task is to improve the overall plant cycle efficiency by the combination of the increased efficiency of each component in the secondary side of the HTGR. To accomplish this task, we performed a number of HYSYS simulation to investigate the pressure effect on the overall cycle efficiency. The high pressure of the working fluid permits the turbo machine to be compact due to the higher density of the fluid. For example, the density of CO2 at 20 MPa and 800°C is 2.43 times higher than that of CO2 at 8MPa and 800°C. It shows the same trend for helium (2.44 times higher for helium at 20MPa and 800°C than that of helium at 8MPa and 800°C). Generally system pressure increases the cycle efficiency. However, the optimized system pressure should be determined by energy and mass balance on each component where the condition does not cause temperature crossover around the recuperator and intermediate heat exchanger. The heat transfer of various working fluids affects the final design and operating conditions, which results in various cycle efficiencies. Using HYSYS optimization option, a wide range of system pressures from 6 MPa to 20 MPa were examined along with a wide range of temperatures, which will provide an optimized efficiency. Figure 13 shows a typical example of a HYSYS simulation using a three-shaft arrangement, a system pressure of 13 MPa and other conditions described as follows: polytropic efficiency of turbine 92%, compressor efficiency of 90%, a reactor outlet temperature of 900°C, a compressor inlet temperature of 30°C, three inter coolers (a pressure drop of 20 kPa each), a recuperator effectiveness of 95%, IHX effectiveness of 90%, pressure drops of 140 kPa for the IHX primary side and 150 kPa for the secondary side, and a pressure drops of 20 kPa for precooler. 10PDF Image | Development of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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