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Task 2-3 Efficiency Calculations and Other Technical Issues The objective of this task is to include some of the important technical issues which were not cover in the preceding tasks: review of various working fluids, number of intercooler, an option for reheat, review on other cycles including recompression, a combined Brayton and Rankine cycle, and multiple reheat using molten salts for the intermediate flow loop. This is the start of the third year of this NERI project thus some preliminary results from this year are presented in this report. The working fluid is very important for the power conversion system (PCS) of the NGNP. The cycle efficiency, the size of all the components such as turbine, compressor, recuperator, intermediate heat exchanger for hydrogen production units, and other components will depend on the fluid because each different fluid has different heat transfer and transport properties. Due to the different properties of the fluids, the balance of plant will have varying energy and mass balances. The material sustainability in the PCS is also dependent on type of fluids in terms of corrosion, material creep (yield stress, ultimate tensile stress, ductility and others). Construction material used for all the components and piping in the PCS are exposed to high temperature and pressure, which are governed, by the fluid energy and mass balance. We began to investigate the working fluid choices including nitrogen, and a binary mixture for the indirect cycle. A combined Brayton cycle will also be explored to see the improvement of the efficiency. 2-3-1 Working Fluids (a) Helium for both direct and indirect cycle The direct helium cycle was simulated with an optimal pressure ratio of ~1.93. This gave a cycle efficiency of 50.9%. The indirect helium cycle was simulated assuming a compressor outlet pressure of 8 MPa. The cycle conditions were optimized with a secondary mass flow rate equal to the primary mass flow (439.1 kg/s) and a pressure ratio of ~2.02. This gave a cycle efficiency of 48.7%. (b) Nitrogen for indirect cycle The indirect Nitrogen cycle was simulated assuming a compressor outlet pressure of 8 MPa. The optimal secondary mass flow rate was 2600 kg/s and the optimal pressure ratio was ~2.37. This gave a cycle efficiency of 45.5%. (c) CO2 for indirect cycle The indirect CO2 cycle was simulated assuming a compressor outlet pressure of 20 MPa. The higher compressor outlet pressure was used to take advantage of compression around the critical point and decrease compressor work. The optimal secondary mass flow rate was 1794 kg/s and the optimal pressure ratio was ~4.76. This gave a cycle efficiency of 50.7%. 13PDF Image | Development of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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