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Table 4. Comparison of cycles for different working fluids Working Fluid Cycle Efficiency Turbine Work (MW) Compressor Work (MW) Total UA1 (MW/K) Overall U (W/m2K ) Total Area Ratio2 He Direct (No IHX) He Indirect N2 Indirect CO2 (20 MPa) 50.9% 542.9 48.7% 575.4 45.5% 557.3 50.7% 497.2 237.7 Recup: 42.9 204.6 0.65 IHX: 24.2 256.5 Recup: 43.1 IHX: 13.7 258.3 Recup: 58.9 216.9 204.6 186.7 166.6 170.3 145.3 1 1.32 1.18 1UA=Universal heat transfer coefficient * heat transfer area, assuming perfect counterflow. 2Area Ratio: Total Heat Transfer Area of Working Fluid / Total Heat Transfer Area of Helium Indirect Preliminary conclusions drawn from this investigation are: Among the three working fluids studied for the indirect PCS, supercritical CO2 has the highest cycle efficiency due to less compression work resulting from higher supercritical CO2 densities. . Supercritical CO2 also results in the smallest turbomachinary components. Helium direct cycle eliminates an IHX and consequently requires the smallest heat transfer area due to the higher heat capacity and thermal conductivity than those of other fluids. For the final selection of the best working fluid, or fluid mixture, trade-off studies need to be performed for efficiency, capital cost, maintenance cost, the stability of fluids through compressor, potential leakage from PCS, and other relevant issues. This project will include some of these issues later in FY-05 efforts. 2-3-2 Effect of intercoolers The objective of this task is to find the cycle efficiency based on a variable number of intercooler in the secondary side of the HTGR or NGNP. In order to make a comparison with the supercritical CO2 cycle, cases using the helium Brayton cycle were made as a baseline. Then more complicated CO2 cycle will be investigated in the FY-05 first quarter, and will be reported next quarter. To determine the effects of interstage cooling on cycle efficiency 1, 2 and 3 intercoolers were added to the basic indirect recuperated Helium cycle. The pressure drop through the precooler was set at 20 kPa. With a 1-intercooler layout the intercooler pressure drop was set to 50 kPa. With 2 intercoolers the first intercooler pressure drop was set to 37 kPa and the second intercooler set to a pressure drop of 50 kPa. With a 3-intercooler 167. IHX: 24 Recup: 35.1 15PDF Image | Development of a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle
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