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CHAetal., DevelopmentofaSupercriticalCO2BraytonEnergyConversionSystemCoupledwithaSodiumCooledFastReactor Fig. 19. System Pressure Transient during the Tube Rupture Event By using the SMET model, the computer simulation code STASCOR was formulated based on the following simplifications or assumptions: flow is one-dimensional, shell-side sodium is incompressible, gas phase in the system is an ideal gas, system is totally adiabatic, and no mixing between liquid and gas phases exists. The code has the capability to calculate the system pressure and temperature, the SDT (sodium drain tank) pressure and temperature, the sodium discharge behavior, the level change of the shell-side sodium, the termination time of the reaction, etc. By using the code, the pressure and flow rate were calculated at a time after the event, as shown in Figure 18 and Figure 19. In this analysis, the CO2 leak rate from the ruptured tubes was defined based on that of the sodium- water reaction of the conventional KALIMER-600 design. That is, it was assumed that a single double-ended guillotine break (DEGB) occurs at 0.1 sec (tSRi) after a tube leak initiation and then the adjacent two more tubes are subsequently ruptured at 1 sec. Figure 18 shows the yield rate of the gaseous reaction product, i.e. carbon monoxide (CO), corresponding to the CO2 leak rate with the temperature dependent mass conversion ratio. As depicted in the figure, the production rate of the CO gas up to 1 sec, and increases rapidly in proportion to the extension of the design-basis CO2 leak rate identified above; it was seen that the yielding rate of the CO gas increases slightly as the design-basis CO2 leak rate is maintained. This is because the temperature of the reaction zone increases steadily due to the exothermic reaction heat generation (∆fHo). However, the quantity of these reaction source terms becomes very small as time goes by, since the CO2 leak rate decreases rapidly with the reactant isolation. As depicted in Figure 19, the system pressure increases rapidly until the ruptured disk breaks, and it promptly decreases to a pressure level higher than the normal operation mode, which is maintained with small pressure rises or oscillations. This is mainly due to the characteristics of the pressure relief system, which is totally dependent on the interaction between the flow resistance of the sodium discharge pipe line and the static pressure effect of the remaining sodium inside the Na-CO2 heat exchanger. The rupture disk break time is about 23.6 sec after leak initiation. Based on the analysis results for the boundary failure accident in the Na-CO2 heat exchanger, it can be preliminarily concluded that the STASCOR code has the capability to simulate a system transient regarding the various design conditions associated with a pressure relief system and that system’s operational strategies; it can also be stated that the numerical quantification method implemented in this code is practicable for the purpose of system design. Further applications to other types of heat exchangers, e.g. PCHE, are in progress to enhance heat exchanger capability; experimental verifications for the numerical models implemented in this code have been scheduled in order to enhance the code’s reliability. In view of reaction products, an Na-CO2 reaction is different from the SWR phenomena since corrosive NaOH could not be generated from the chemical reaction. Thus, an inherent study of the CO2 wastage has not been considered in our work. However, we are conducting some experimental studies to verify the Na-CO2 chemical reaction model 1042 NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL.41 NO.8 OCTOBER 2009PDF Image | DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPERCRITICAL CO2 BRAYTON ENERGY
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