PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 006
HEJZLARetal., AssessmentofGasCooledFastReactorwithIndirectSupercriticalCO2Cycle were performed with the stress rupture strength of alloy 800 shifted by 100°C (see Figure 3) assuming that advanced materials will become available. This is also the reason we designated the SCO2 case having a turbine inlet temperature of 650°C “an advanced design”. 3.3 GFR Coupled to Basic SCO2 Design at 550°C First, the performance of an indirect helium to supe- rcritical CO2 cycle with turbine inlet temperature of 550°C (basic design) is evaluated. Figure 4 shows the indirect cycle cost in $/kWe relative to the direct SCO2 cycle (at 1000$/kWe) as a function of the reactor inlet temperature for different reactor outlet temperatures. It is noted that the cost study is by far not exhaustive since it includes only the additional costs of IHX, circulator and IHX vessel. In reality, additional piping, possibly smaller containment size and different inlet and outlet core tempe- ratures will also affect the cost. Because these effects could not be accurately quantified at this preliminary stage of investigations, they were not incorporated in the cost evaluations. However, preliminary containment sizing was performed by General Atomics and it was concluded that no appreciable containment size reduction was possible since the size was to a large extent determined by the layout of shutdown cooling heat exchangers. Hence, Figure 4 should be viewed as a guidance tool for the selection of a good design point for the intermediate heat exchangers and core inlet/outlet temperatures. It shows that a reactor outlet temperature of at least 700°C is necessary in order to maintain the cost increase due to the additional costs of IHX, IHX vessel and circulators below 10%. This corre- sponds to about 10 to 25m3 of IHX active volume, depending on the core inlet temperature. In addition, core inlet temperature should not be above 450°C. The minimum cost increase of 9% was achieved at a reactor core outlet temperature of 760°C (compared with 550°C for a direct supercritical CO2 cycle) and inlet temperature of 440°C. The comparison with the reference direct helium Brayton cycle is also of interest. Studies in Ref. 13 showed that the plant with basic SCO2 direct cycle was about 4% cheaper than the plant with direct helium Brayton cycle at 850°C. Hence, considering the above 9% cost increase for a plant with indirect helium/SCO2 cycle versus that with direct SCO2 cycle, a cost increase of about 5% versus the reference helium direct cycle can be expected. Figure 5 shows how the indirect cycle efficiency decreases as the reactor inlet temperature increases for constant core outlet temperature: hence as the core temperature rise decreases. The net efficiency of the direct supercritical basic CO2 cycle is 44.0% for a GFR core pressure drop of 60kPa. The smallest efficiency penalty from the transition to the indirect cycle is at the core inlet/outlet temperatures of 440°C/760°C, where indirect cycle efficiency reaches 42.7%. Therefore, if the intermediate heat exchangers are carefully optimized and the GFR core is designed for low pressure drop, the efficiency of the indirect helium/SCO2 cycle is not significantly lower than the efficiency of a direct SCO2 cycle at the same turbine inlet temperature. It is also noted that the efficiency optimum of the inlet/outlet tempe- ratures corresponds to the cost optimum. This is not surprising considering the fact that the additional costs of an indirect cycle are only a small fraction of the total plant capital cost. In conclusion, compared to the direct SCO2 cycle of the basic design the operation of the indirect cycle with a reactor core outlet temperature of 760°C does not introduce a significant cost increase due to the cost of the key additional hardware and the efficiency reduction in comparison Fig. 3. Allowable Stress for 105 Hours Lifetime Fig. 4. Relative Increase of Capital Cost of Indirect Cycle Versus Basic SCO2 Direct Cycle* * Copyright 4/13/2006 by the American Nuclear Society, Reprinted from Nuclear Technology, Vol. 154, No. 3 114 NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL.38 NO.2 SPECIAL ISSUE ON ICAPP ‘05PDF Image | ElectraTherm Green Machine Generates Power Biomass in Italy
PDF Search Title:
ElectraTherm Green Machine Generates Power Biomass in ItalyOriginal File Name Searched:
JK0380109.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |