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HEJZLARetal., AssessmentofGasCooledFastReactorwithIndirectSupercriticalCO2Cycle Basic Advanced I Turbine inlet temperature (°C) 550 650 Compressor inlet temperature (°C) 32 32 SCO2 IHX inlet temperature (°C) 396.5 488.8 Core inlet temperature (°C) 440 530 Core outlet temperature (°C) 700 800 Core flow rate (kg/s) 385 388 Helium pressure (MPa) 7 7 Net plant efficiency (%) 42.2 46.3 IHX volume (m3) 16.4 33.7 Circulator power consumption (MW) 17.9 17.4 is a very preliminary arrangement showing the compactness of the power conversion system. It is worth recalling that for reactor decay heat removal, the strategy chosen is to use a “close-containment” in order to keep some gas backup pressure after a loss of coolant transient. The size of this close-containment is driven by the size of primary components. Here, the size of the “close-containment” was not changed, in fact the intermediate heat exchanger and the helium blower which replace the PCS are, quite likely, more compact. This means the possibility of reduction of the “close-containment” size, and thus of the capital cost. The IHX size was estimated roughly at this stage, having in mind, that in this arrangement (Table 6), the minimal difference of temperature between the core outlet (680°C) and the SCO2 turbine inlet (650°C) was selected. The potential advantage for the core design is significant enough to accept penalties in the IHX sizing. Table 6. Summary Table of Key Parameters Advanced II 650 21 414.5 461 680 526. 7 46.2 - 46. Fig. 8. Power Conversion System Hall 4. CONCLUSIONS The GFR indirect cycle with SCO2 power conversion system is an attractive alternative option to a GFR direct cycle, since it allows the achievement of appealing plant efficiencies at moderate core outlet temperatures. In addition, separation of the balance of plant from the primary helium coolant eliminates contamination of the turbomachinery in case of fission product leakage from the fuel, making maintenance easier. On the other hand, specific capital cost is, quite likely, higher than that of the reference helium direct cycle because of the additional hardware and lower efficiency. Therefore, the indirect cycle is primarily attractive as a backup to the direct cycle for the first GFR units before fuel performance data are established. The preliminary studies presented here showed that a GFR with core outlet temperature of 700°C (150°C lower than the reference helium cycle) coupled to the SCO2 basic cycle at a turbine inlet temperature of 550°C can achieve an attractive net efficiency of almost 42.2%. Coupling the GFR to a higher performance SCO2 cycle (turbine inlet at 650°C and 20 MPa or 25MPa) can increase the efficiency to 46.3%, but requires development of IHX structural materials with Fig. 9. GFR System Layout with SCO2 Indirect Cycle NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL.38 NO.2 SPECIAL ISSUE ON ICAPP ‘05 117PDF Image | ElectraTherm Green Machine Generates Power Biomass in Italy
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