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Jurnal PRESIPITASI Vol. 3 No.2 September 2007, ISSN 1907-187X The application of bioreactor landfill has both technical and non-technical barriers. Technical barrier mainly result from additional leachate into the site. A rise of leachate load might increase pressure on base liner and likely to damage the geomembrane. Leachate leakage from bioreactor landfill has higher potential of groundwater pollution as recirculation aims to enrich nutrient in the waste. Another obstacle is to control gas pressure in the landfill since the production rises rapidly. High pressure is likely to trigger a fire or an explosion in landfill. Non-technical barrier of implementing bioreactor landfill will come from community while locating an area for bioreactor landfill. Because bioreactor landfill requires a meticulous design of layer and liner, a conventional-existed landfill may not be suitable for bioreactor landfill. Therefore operator needs to find a site that complies to all environment, economic and social aspects. The cost of electricity from LFG AU$55 to $90 per MWh is still expensive vis-à-vis cost of coal or natural gas power AU$30 to $60 per MWh (AGO, 2005), which may suppress investment in LFG technology and get less interest from consumers. Nonetheless by increasing community awareness of the life cycle cost, the cost of renewable energy might be considered cheaper than non- renewable one. The Australian government has introduced the Mandatory Renewable Energy Target (MRET) that directives a rise of renewable energy supply in Australia energy market with target of additional 9,500 GWh per annum by 2010. In addition, the government also provide funding to attract more research and development and demonstration of such new innovations. The fundings comprise $50 million Renewable Energy Commercialisation Programme (RECP), $205 million Renewable Remote Power Generation Programme (RRPGP), and $20 million Renewable Energy Equity Fund (REEF). A Greenhouse Friendly Project managed by the Australian government for balancing the greenhouse gas emissions from industry is stimulating a joint venture between LFG operators and fossil fuel power plant operators to reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions. The Greenhouse Friendly Project is similar to Landfill Methane Outreach Programme (LMOP) conducted by US Environment Protection Agency. The USEPA is again one step further regarding landfill gas power generation as it has supported many demonstrative project of new generator through funding and research and development programs. The regulations might increase investment in LFG energy since it is a qualified energy according to MRET. The conventional LFG power generator systems have proven a good performance, however, the state-of-the- art should demonstrate the capability that offers an affordable-high quality energy supply and improve the environment performance. Landfill gas is a viable solution to substitute fossil fuel for electricity generation that provides a sustainable energy. It is not only reducing greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel power plant but also alleviating fugitive landfill gas. Gas emission from landfill is a valuable waste that should be recovered particularly concerning the methane energy content. Electricity generation from landfill gas has evolved especially improvement on new generator technologies. Power generator innovations have improved the efficiency and environment performance. The new technology, however, still needs to prove the capability to supply energy for a sustainable world. Regulations and set of government funding have been introduced to enhance power generation from renewable sources wherein LFG is an eligible source of energy according to both Australia and USA. Both governments have supported the development of renewable energy; however the Australian government needs to give more attention to the landfill gas power generation and learning from USA experience. Support from government and community for green power will affect investment which encourages development CONCLUSION NON-TECHNICAL CALLENGES 14PDF Image | ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM LANDFILL GAS
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