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Costs of TES Systems Cost estimates of TES systems include storage materials, technical equipment for charging and discharging, and operation costs. TES systems for sensible heat are rather inexpensive as they consist basically of a simple tank for the storage medium and the equipment to charge/discharge. Stor- age media (e.g. water, soil, rocks, concrete or molten salts) are usually relatively cheap. However, the container of the storage material requires effective thermal insulation, which may be an important element of the TES cost. A number of seasonal TES have been installed in Germany [11]. Most systems consist of a 5,000-10,000 m3 water container with energy content between 70-90 kWh/m3 and investment costs between €50-200/m3 of water equivalent, thus translating into a specific investment cost from €0.5-3.0 per kWh. [11] In the case of UTES systems, boreholes and heat exchangers to activate the under- ground storage are the most important cost elements. Specific costs range from €0.1-10 per kWh [12] and depend heavily on local conditions. Figure 7 – Storage Capacity vs. Temperature for Sensible, Latent and Thermo- chemical TES [10] 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 M P P C H 2O 2 C C Pa a a a a aC r r r ra C Cl a a f f ff l l 2* f fi i i * *N n n n N N e e es H H H3 S s s s 3 2 e e e s s s s Su ls S S i i il l l i i ic c c a a a g g ge e el l l* * OZ O O ug ga ar r A Mg Z Z e e Alco g Mg e o o o S SO O4* gC oh Cl O l l li i i t t th ho h h o * * * * 6H2 H H H 2O 2 N 2NH N O i O O 2 M 2* 2 6H H2 O iC Cl2 H 3 3 2 H 2 3 * H 2 N N N N N s i i i i i t t t t t r r r r r a a a a a t t t t t e e e e e s s s s S S S Sa a al l l lt t t t H H H Hy y y yd d d d r r r ra a at t t t W Wa a t t te e r r 0 25 50 75 Temperature / °C 150 175 200 100 125 14 Thermal Energy Storage | Technology Brief Storage Capacity / (kWh/m3) TCM PC P M P C C C M MPDF Image | ENERGY TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
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