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for the Fljótsdalsvirkjun plant were abandoned. Out of that battle came a governmental white paper that pledged sustainable, long-term energy planning. So in 1999, the research for a Master Plan began. The goal of the Master Plan was to develop a score card for energy projects that defines “those power projects that rank high from an economical point of view, have a minimum negative impact on the environment, and positive impact on the society” to help “decisions makers to filter out which of the proposed projects are likely to become controversial and disputed and which ones not. It also directs the attention to those project areas that might have protective value and should be left untouched by human development.” 17 To develop the plan, the Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of the Environment established a steering committee of 16 members from academia, ministries, research organizations and utility companies. The committee nominated some 50 experts for four working groups to study the particular impacts of each energy project identified. The working groups’ agenda have included: WG I WG II WG III WGIV Environmental questions relating to nature, landscape, geological formations, vegetative cover, flora and fauna, as well as cultural heritage and ancient monuments. Impact on recreation, agriculture, fishing and hunting. Social and economic impact, such as economic activity, employment and regional development. Identification of potential power projects, both hydro and geothermal, with technical and economic evaluation. Public confidence was considered of vital importance in the evaluation process, therefore public forums, workshops, open meetings and interactive websites were used to discuss issues and exchange information. The first phase of the MP was completed in 2003 and included assessment and ranking of 43 energy alternatives, 19 in hydropower and 24 in geothermal. From the environmental perspective, hydropower was generally associated with significantly greater environmental impacts relative to geothermal development because of greater irreversible environmental losses. Phase two was launched in September 2004 and was expected to be completed by the end of 2009. The report is expected to be published in March 2015. In phase two, all the projects will be studied further to produce the final ranking18. Ownership of these resources is relative to who owns the rights to the land. Resources on private lands have private ownership, and any resources on public lands belong to the state. All resources, before research or utilization can occur, are subject to licensing based on the Act on Survey and Utilization of Ground Resources and the Electricity Act. Other regulations that are applicable to licensing are the Nature Conservation Act, Planning and Building Act and the 17 Steingrimsson et al., 2006 18 Institute of Economic Studies, 2009. 16PDF Image | Geothermal and Hydroelectric Energy in Iceland and Alaska
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