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Session 1 GEOTHERMALL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION: POSSIBILITIES, TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY IN CENTRAL EUROPEAN REGION Ruggero Bertani: GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: AN OVERVIEW ON RESOURCES AND POTENTIAL will be discussed below. Space cooling can also be provided by geothermal systems; geothermal heat pumps can heat and cool with the same equipment. Heat pump applications Geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) are one of the fastest growing applications of renewable energy in the world today (Ry- bach, 2005). They represent a rather new but already well-established technology, utilising the immense amounts of energy stored in the earth ́s interior. This form for direct use of geothermal energy is based on the relatively constant ground or gro- undwater temperature in the range of 4°C to 30°C available anywhere in the world, to provide space heating, cooling and domestic hot water for homes, schools, factories, public buildings and commercial buildings. Due to the rapidly growing GHP de- velopment, statistical data can provide only snapshots of the current situation. Table 2 shows the number of GHPs and the installed capacity in EU countries in 2005 and 2006. Table 4 shows the esti- mated number of installed GHP units per year in EU countries and Switzerland in 2007. In the USA, over 800,000 units have been installed at a rate of 50,000 GHP units annually with a capacity of over 9,600 MWth. The growth is illustrated in Figure 12, where the increase of new GHP installations in some European countries is shown for year 2006. (Note that the refer- ences for Figure 6 and Table 3 are differ- ent, and the numbers not exactly the same). Table 2. Estimated number of GHP units and total installed capacity in EU countries (Geothermal Energy Barometer, 2007 Countries 2005 2006 Sweden 230094 Germany France Denmark Finland Austria Netherlands Italy Poland Czech Republic Belgium Estonia Ireland Hungary United Kingdom Greece Slovenia Lithuania Slovakia 8 Latvia 10 Portugal 1 Total EU 25 493236 Number Capacity (in MWth) Number 2070.8 270111 681.0 90517 702.1 83856 821.2 43252 624.3 33612 570.2 40151 253.5 1600 120.0 7500 104.6 8300 61.0 5173 64.5 7000 34.0 5000 19.6 1500 6.5 350 10.2 550 5.0 400 3.4 420 4.3 200 1.4 8 0.2 10 0.2 1 6158.0 599511 Capacity (in MWth) 2431.0 995.7 922.4 821.2 721.9 664.5 253.5 150.0 106.6 83.0 69.0 49.0 19.6 15.0 10.2 5.0 4.6 4.3 1.4 0.2 0.2 7328.3 61912 63830 43252 29106 32916 1600 6000 8100 3727 6000 3500 1500 230 550 400 300 200 5PDF Image | GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: AN OVERVIEW ON RESOURCES AND POTENTIAL
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