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Session 1 GEOTHERMALL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION: POSSIBILITIES, TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY IN CENTRAL EUROPEAN REGION Ruggero Bertani: GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: AN OVERVIEW ON RESOURCES AND POTENTIAL Different authors have performed dif- ferent estimation of the geothermal poten- tial (named from [A] to [E]), both for elec- tricity generation and the direct uses. In Bertani, 2003 the data has been revised and integrated, and are presented a the following table. Table 4. Estimated geothermal potential (Bertani, 2003) Electricity TWh/y EJ/y 55.18 0.20 12,000 43 1,000 3.5 22,000 79 42,000 150 330 1.2 Direct uses TWh/y EJ/y 74.30 0.27 GW 8.930 1,700 140 3,100 5,900 46 The data is according to a method that seems to be realistic the expected geothermal electri- city potential is estimated to be between a minimum of 70 GW and a maximum of 140 GW (Figure 9). The potential may be estimated orders of magnitude higher based on enhanced geothermal systems (EGS)-technology. The MIT-study (Tester et al., 2006) indicates a potential of more than 100 GW for USA alone. Stefansson, 2005 concluded that the most likely value GWth 15.145 48,000,000 160,000 28,000 190 WGC2005 Potential [A] Potential [B] Potential [C] Potential [D] Potential [E] 170,000,000 600,000 >2,000 670 2.4 >560,000 97,000 350 strongly scattered, but for the technical potential of geothermal resources suitable for electricity generation is 240 GWe. Theoretical considerations, based on the conditions in Iceland and the USA, reveal that the magnitude of hidden resources is expected to be 5-10 times lar- ger than the estimate of identified resour- ces. If this is the case for other parts of the world, the upper limit for electricity ge- neration from geothermal resources is in the range of 1-2 TWe. 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 140 10 70 Current Today's Technology Technology Improvement Figure 9. Estimated World geothermal electricity potential with present technology (blue) and with technology improvement (green). The current installed capacity is also shown (red), (Bertani, 2003). It is considered possible to produce up geothermal resources, serving 17% of the to 8.3% of the total world electricity with world population. Thirty nine countries 9PDF Image | GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: AN OVERVIEW ON RESOURCES AND POTENTIAL
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