PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 014
Proceedings of the International Conference on NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY USE and International Course/EGEC Busiess Seminar on ORGANIZATION OF SUCCESSFUL DEVELEOPMENT OF A GEOTHERMAL PROJECT, K. Popovski, A.Vranovska, S. Popovska Vasilevska, Editors Other South Asia Japan Other Pacific Asia Australia, New Zealand, and other Oceania Latin America and the Caribbean TOTAL 0.54 2 4 3.24 0.59 1.78 11 20 26 3 5 15 23 140 280 plications and other direct use applicati- ons separately, as well as the annual ener- gy production for the same. The scenario that is considered to be the most likely ca- se is shown in Figures 13 and 14. They show that while only a moderate increase is expected in direct use applications, an exponential increase is foreseen in the heat pump sector. The reason is that geothermal heat pumps (GHPs) can be used for heat- ing and/or cooling in most parts of the world. The most critical issue here is the source of electricity providing 25-30% of the energy supplied by the heat pumps. As previously mentioned, results show that an electrically driven heat pump reduces the CO2 emission by 45% compared with an oil boiler and 33% compared with a gas fired boiler. The mitigation potential of CO2 for the heat provision is large for GHPs as long as GHPs substitute fossil energy. A scenario of a heat provision of nearly 1 Million TJ/yr by direct use of geothermal systems brings a mitigation potential of 100 Million tons CO2/yr. ADV ANCED RESEARCHES Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) The principle of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) is simple: in the deep sub- surface where temperatures are high enough for power generation (150-200°C) an extended fracture network is created and/or enlarged to act as new pathways. Water from the deep wells and/or cold water from the surface is transported through this deep reservoir using injection and production wells, and recovered as In the geothermal direct use sector, the potential is very large as space heating and water heating are significant parts of the energy budget in large parts of the world. In industrialised countries, 35 to 40% of the total primary energy consum- ption is used in buildings. In Europe, 30% of energy use is for space and water heating alone, representing 75% of total building energy use. The recent decision of the Commission of the European Union to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2020 compared to 1990 in the member countries implies a significant acceleration in the use of renewable energy resources. Most of the EU countries already have some geothermal installations. The same applies to the USA and Canada where the use of ground source heat pumps is widespread both for space heating and cooling. The largest potential is, however, in China. Due to the geological conditions, there are widespread low-temperature geothermal resources in most provinces of China which are already widely used for space heating, balneology, fish farming and greenhouses during the cold winter months and for tap water also in the sum- mer. Furthermore, the frequency distribu- tion of the temperature of geothermal re- sources in Iceland and the USA indicates that the magnitude of low-temperature geothermal resources in the world is about 140 EJ/yr of heat. For comparison, the world energy consumption is now about 420 EJ/yr. To estimate the future development of the worldwide geothermal utilisation, three scenarios have been prepared. They inclu- de the installed capacity in heat pump ap- 12PDF Image | GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: AN OVERVIEW ON RESOURCES AND POTENTIAL
PDF Search Title:
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: AN OVERVIEW ON RESOURCES AND POTENTIALOriginal File Name Searched:
I.1.Bertani.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)